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MRI: Acquisition of a Powder X-Ray Diffractometer for Research and Research Training at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania

MRI：宾夕法尼亚州布鲁斯堡大学购买粉末 X 射线衍射仪用于研究和研究培训

基本信息

批准号：
1828514
负责人：
Adrian Van Rythoven
金额：
$ 12.92万
依托单位：
COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-15 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1828514&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
MRI Acquisition Powder Ray Diffractometer

项目摘要

This Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) Program grant will support acquisition of a powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD) that will allow for the identification and characterization of solid materials such as minerals and building materials. X-ray diffractometry is a technique common in industry and research. Undergraduate science students at Bloomsburg University include many of first-generation and/or economically disadvantaged students; access to such an instrument will allow for opportunities in faculty-sponsored research and research training in addition to laboratory exercises within an academic course. This type of experience is essential for science graduates when applying for positions in graduate school or industry. Combined with existing facilities at the institution, a PXRD is a major step towards developing a center for materials characterization in a region with currently limited analytical facilities. Access and training on how to use this instrument will enhance student professional development and will support research.The PXRD has applications to a variety of research, including: 1) Determination of mineralogy in complex rare earth ores from a deposit in Wyoming to understand environmental and economic impacts of deposit development. Rare earth elements are essential resources for modern electronics. They are naturally found in few places at economic grades, and even then, they are in mineralogically complex deposits that are challenging to processes. The Bear Lodge deposit in Wyoming is a rich, but undeveloped deposit. PXRD use in concert with automated mineralogical analysis and other methods is necessary to optimize mineral processing in cost terms and limit environmental impacts of mining. 2) Classification of different varieties of asbestiform minerals in order to help gauge human health risk in mixed land use areas of Nevada. Asbestiform minerals need not be anthropogenic in order to be a health hazard. Southern Nevada has many rock units with potentially hazardous mineral fibers mobilized by erosion. Samples of these rocks obtained during field mapping are best assessed by PXRD in order to determine the speciation of the fibers. 'Asbestos' is a term than encompasses many minerals with similar habits and potential health impacts can vary depending on exact type. 3) Differentiation of soluble versus insoluble heavy metal-bearing minerals in coal mine waste in central Pennsylvania to assess water quality impacts. Past and current coal mining has resulted in significant heavy metal contamination of soils in parts of Pennsylvania. The bioavailability of these elements, such as lead, is a major health concern to residents of these regions. Use of PXRD with X-ray fluorescence allows for the risk to be assesses in terms of the proportion of contaminants residing in water-soluble mineral phases. Simple chemical analysis can identify lead in a sample, but PXRD is necessary to determine the potential mobility of lead (and other elements of interest).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项重大研究仪器（MRI）计划拨款将支持购买粉末X射线衍射仪（PXRD），该仪器将允许对矿物和建筑材料等固体材料进行识别和表征。X射线衍射法是工业和研究中常用的技术。布卢姆斯堡大学的本科理科学生包括许多第一代和/或经济上处于不利地位的学生;获得这样的仪器将允许在学院赞助的研究和研究培训的机会，除了在学术课程的实验室练习。这种类型的经验是必不可少的科学毕业生申请职位时，在研究生院或行业。结合该机构的现有设施，PXRD是在目前分析设施有限的地区建立材料表征中心的重要一步。PXRD可应用于各种研究，包括：1）测定怀俄明州某存款复杂稀土矿石的矿物学，以了解存款开发对环境和经济的影响。稀土元素是现代电子产品的重要资源。它们在经济级别的地方很少被自然发现，即使如此，它们也存在于矿物学复杂的矿床中，对工艺具有挑战性。怀俄明州的熊屋存款是一个丰富的，但未开发的存款。PXRD与自动矿物学分析和其他方法的配合使用对于优化矿物加工成本和限制采矿对环境的影响是必要的。2)分类不同品种的石棉矿物，以帮助衡量人类健康的风险，在混合土地利用地区的内华达州。石棉矿物不一定是人为的，才是健康危害。内华达州南部有许多岩石单元，这些岩石单元具有潜在的危险矿物纤维，这些矿物纤维因侵蚀而被移动。在实地测绘过程中获得的这些岩石样品最好通过PXRD进行评估，以确定纤维的形态。“砷”是一个术语，包含许多具有相似习惯的矿物质，潜在的健康影响可能因确切类型而异。3)宾夕法尼亚州中部煤矿废弃物中可溶性与不溶性重金属矿物质的区别，以评估水质影响。过去和现在的煤矿开采导致宾夕法尼亚州部分地区的土壤受到严重的重金属污染。这些元素的生物利用度，如铅，是这些地区居民的主要健康问题。使用PXRD和X射线荧光可以根据水溶性矿物相中污染物的比例来评估风险。简单的化学分析可以识别样品中的铅，但PXRD是必要的，以确定铅（和其他感兴趣的元素）的潜在流动性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。