MRI: Acquisition of A Meteor Radar for the Andes Lidar Observatory

MRI：为安第斯激光雷达天文台采购流星雷达

• 批准号: 1828589
• 负责人: Alan Liu
• 金额: $ 68.33万
• 依托单位: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-15 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1828589&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; Meteor; Radar; Andes

This MRI award would acquire a state-of-the-art meteor radar (MR) system that would replace an aging meteor radar located at the Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO), located in Cerro Pachon, Chile (30.26 S, 70.74 W, elev. 2530 m). This clear sky location is ideally situated for making observations of the highly dynamical environment associated with the mountain waves generated by the surface winds blowing over the Andes. This location is also well suited for detecting sodium particles transported to high altitude by the Appleton fountain effect that operates near the geomagnetic equator. Both of these mechanisms make the Andes dynamical environment a "hot spot" that is unique in the world with nothing equivalent available for study in the United States. ALO is an upper atmosphere observatory that supports optical remote sensing instruments, including a wind/temperature (W&T) lidar operating at the sodium wavelength (589 nm) and several airglow instruments. The lidar system measures simultaneously nighttime atmospheric wave perturbations (associated with gravity waves) of temperature, wind and airglow intensities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region (80-105 km) at high vertical spatial (1 km) and temporal resolutions (~1 min) during the low moon period of each month. The MR data provides measurements of the background tidal winds that allow the determination of the intrinsic phase speeds needed for studying gravity wave propagation physics. These results taken together are aimed at achieving a detailed study of atmospheric waves and turbulence structures through modeling comparisons of data with turbulent structure morphology. This project will support engineering undergraduate students at ERAU thus helping to extend the STEM undergraduate education effort at ERAU into the remote sensing area. One graduate and one undergraduate student would be directly involved in this project. Moreover, these applications made possible by the enhanced quality of the MR data would provide new opportunities for graduate student training in the radar remote sensing technology as well as having these students undertake studies regarding new questions in upper atmosphere research. Students involved will learn the principles of the MR remote sensing technique through the use of formal lectures and informal hands-on interactions. Activities involving the graduate student are site radar noise survey, the process of radar installation and subsequent hardware maintenance. The student would also be responsible for data retrieval, validation and archival processing. The undergraduate student would help set up the Madrigal server and update the ERAU website concerning the meteor radar status. These activities will provide training to these students on how to become an experimental scientist. The MR would also support undergraduate and graduate education at ERAU as the department offers an undergraduate course in Space Physics, one MS level course Experimental Methods in Space Science, and two PhD level courses Upper Atmosphere Physics and Remote Sensing: Active and Passive. Students will learn advanced techniques involved in MR and use the MR data for various course projects. Students can design their own software for meteor identification, wind and temperature retrieval. The MR measures horizontal wind continuously (day and night) in the same altitude region as the height range observed by the lidar with ~2 km vertical and 1 hr resolutions. It complements the optical lidar measurements by providing background tidal wind information that is critical for deriving gravity wave (GW) intrinsic parameters and understanding the phenomenology of GW wave propagation with regard to reflection, ducting, and dissipation processes. The MR capability for continuous wind measurement is essential for resolving longer time scale oscillations such as atmospheric tides and planetary waves, and for the study of their interactions with small-scale waves. The new MR will not only continue the MR wind measurement series but also provides new capabilities to infer temperature, turbulence diffusion coefficient, and the diurnal variation of GW momentum flux.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项MRI合同将获得一个最先进的流星雷达（MR）系统，该系统将取代位于智利Cerro Pachon（30.26 S，70.74 W，elev.）的安第斯山脉激光雷达天文台（ALO）的老化流星雷达。2530米）。这个晴朗的天空位置非常适合观测与安第斯山脉表面风产生的山波相关的高度动态环境。这个位置也非常适合探测由地磁赤道附近的阿普尔顿喷泉效应输送到高空的钠粒子。这两种机制使安第斯山脉的动力环境成为世界上独一无二的"热点"，在美国没有可供研究的类似环境。 ALO是一个高层大气观测站，支持光学遥感仪器，包括在钠波长（589纳米）下工作的风/温度激光雷达和几个气辉仪器。&激光雷达系统在每个月的低月期间以高垂直空间分辨率（1公里）和时间分辨率（约1分钟）同时测量中间层和低热层区域（80 - 105公里）的温度、风和气辉强度的夜间大气波扰动（与重力波有关）。MR数据提供了背景潮汐风的测量，允许确定研究重力波传播物理所需的固有相速度。这些结果加在一起的目的是通过模拟数据与湍流结构形态的比较，实现对大气波和湍流结构的详细研究。该项目将支持ERAU的工程本科生，从而有助于将ERAU的STEM本科教育工作扩展到遥感领域。 一名研究生和一名本科生将直接参与这个项目。此外，由于磁共振数据质量的提高而使这些应用成为可能，这将为雷达遥感技术方面的研究生培训以及让这些学生就高层大气研究中的新问题进行研究提供新的机会。参与的学生将通过正式讲座和非正式的动手互动来学习MR遥感技术的原理。研究生参与的活动包括现场雷达噪声测量、雷达安装过程和随后的硬件维护。学生还将负责数据检索、验证和档案处理。本科生将帮助建立牧歌服务器和更新有关流星雷达状态的ERAU网站。这些活动将培训这些学生如何成为一名实验科学家。MR还将支持ERAU的本科生和研究生教育，因为该部门提供空间物理学本科课程，一门空间科学实验方法硕士课程和两门高层大气物理学和遥感博士课程：主动和被动。学生将学习涉及MR的先进技术，并将MR数据用于各种课程项目。学生可以设计自己的流星识别，风和温度检索软件。MR连续测量水平风（白天和夜晚）在相同的高度区域的高度范围内观察到的激光雷达与约2公里的垂直和1小时的分辨率。它补充了光学激光雷达测量提供背景潮汐风信息，这是至关重要的推导重力波（GW）的内在参数和理解GW波传播的反射，管道和耗散过程的现象。磁共振连续测风的能力对于解决大气潮汐和行星波等较长时间尺度的振荡以及研究它们与小尺度波的相互作用至关重要。新的MR不仅将继续MR风测量系列，但也提供了新的能力，以推断温度，湍流扩散系数，和GW动量通量的日变化。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

Atmospheric tomography using the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster and Chilean Observation Network De Meteor Radars: network details and 3D-Var retrieval

使用北欧流星雷达集群和智利观测网络 De Meteor 雷达进行大气层析成像：网络细节和 3D-Var 检索

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-14-6509-2021
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Stober, Gunter;Kozlovsky, Alexander;Liu, Alan;Qiao, Zishun;Tsutsumi, Masaki;Hall, Chris;Nozawa, Satonori;Lester, Mark;Belova, Evgenia;Kero, Johan
• 通讯作者: Kero, Johan

Identifying gravity waves launched by the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha′apai volcanic eruption in mesosphere/lower-thermosphere winds derived from CONDOR and the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster

识别由 CONDOR 和北欧流星雷达集群产生的中层/低热层风中的洪加汤加洪加哈阿派火山喷发发射的重力波

• DOI: 10.5194/angeo-41-197-2023
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Annales Geophysicae
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Stober, Gunter;Liu, Alan;Kozlovsky, Alexander;Qiao, Zishun;Krochin, Witali;Shi, Guochun;Kero, Johan;Tsutsumi, Masaki;Gulbrandsen, Njål;Nozawa, Satonori
• 通讯作者: Nozawa, Satonori

Comparison of MLT Momentum Fluxes Over the Andes at Four Different Latitudinal Sectors Using Multistatic Radar Configurations

使用多基地雷达配置比较安第斯山脉四个不同纬度扇区的 MLT 动量通量

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035982
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Conte, J. Federico;Chau, Jorge L.;Liu, Alan;Qiao, Zishun;Fritts, David C.;Hormaechea, José L.;Salvador, Jacobo O.;Milla, Marco A.
• 通讯作者: Milla, Marco A.

Meteor radar vertical wind observation biases and mathematical debiasing strategies including the 3DVAR+DIV algorithm

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-15-5769-2022
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: G. Stober;A. Liu;A. Kozlovsky;Z. Qiao;A. Kuchař;C. Jacobi;C. Meek;D. Janches;Guiping Liu;M. Tsutsumi;N. Gulbrandsen;S. Nozawa;M. Lester;E. Belova;J. Kero;N. Mitchell

Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Changes Associated With the 2 July 2019 Total Eclipse in South America Over the Andes Lidar Observatory, Cerro Pachon, Chile

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035064
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Cerro Pachon;F. Vargas;A. Liu;G. Swenson;C. Segura;P. Vega;J. Fuentes;D. Pautet;M. Taylor;Y. Zhao;Y. Morton;H. Bourne