Collaborative Research: Lee Waves and Turbulence Forced by the Kuroshio

大约1太瓦的能量通过风功输入到海洋环流中。这种平衡的能量如何耗散以维持稳定状态仍不确定，但对于正确模拟海洋环流模式中的平衡能量途径很重要。据推测，产生背风波后产生湍流造成的损失占20- 75%。这项研究将阐明背风波的产生以及波浪在耗散和重新分配平衡能量方面的作用。该项目的结果将在会议上提出，并在同行评议的期刊上发表，使更广泛的科学界可以获得这些结果。数据将在华盛顿大学（UW）应用物理实验室（APL）和西北研究协会的公共站点存档。一个改进的模型参数化的耗散和重新分配的平衡流动和诱导混合由lee-wave的产生是预期的结果。该项目将支持一名数据分析和内波物理方面的博士后研究员。西雅图K-12课堂参观和积极参与华盛顿大学和当地科学中心的计划。该项目还将为华盛顿大学本科生的夏季项目和年度太平洋科学中心极地科学周末做出贡献。Lee-wave的产生（0.2-0.75 TW）和bottom drag （~0.25 TW）是两个假设的sink。黑潮通过托喀拉海峡为评估影响主要西部边界流的背风波产生和消散提供了一个可行的案例。假定背风波的产生在湍流中消失。然而，对南极环极流射流的测量发现，湍流耗散率与预测差了一个数量级。测量将用于研究内部背风波的产生和演变，水力跳跃，湍流和黑潮穿过托卡拉海峡海底山链的水团转变。chi增强型EMAPEX剖面浮标的线阵将部署在海山链上游的跨流位置，由黑潮扫过，获得从表面到底部（600米深）以及从上到下游浅滩地形的沿流/深度剖面，重点关注下风处的流动结构和湍流。这些测量将解决背风波的产生和底部阻力是否代表平衡流的主要汇。这些测量将对背风波的产生和背风波的命运提供比迄今为止所做的更完整的评估。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Roughly 1 TW is input into the ocean circulation by wind-work. How this balanced energy is dissipated to maintain steady state remains uncertain but is important for correctly modeling balanced energy pathways in ocean general circulation models. Loss to lee-wave generation followed by turbulence production has been hypothesized to account for 20-75 percent. The research will clarify lee-wave generation and the waves' role in dissipating vs. redistributing balanced energy. Results from this project will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals to make them available to the wider scientific community. Data will be archived at public sites at University of Washington (UW) Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and Northwest Research Associates. An improved model parameterization for the dissipation and redistribution of balanced flows and induced mixing by lee-wave generation is an expected outcome. The project will support a postdoctoral researcher in data analysis and internal-wave physics. Seattle K-12 classroom visits and active engagement with UW and local science centers is planned. The project will also contribute to the summer program for UW undergraduate students and the annual Pacific Science Center Polar Science Weekend.Lee-wave generation (0.2-0.75 TW) and bottom drag (~0.25 TW) are two hypothesized sinks. The passage of the Kuroshio through Tokara Strait affords an accessible case to evaluate lee-wave generation and dissipation that impact a major western boundary current. It has been assumed that lee-wave generation is lost to turbulence. However, measurements in Antarctic Circumpolar Current jets find that turbulent dissipation rates fall short of predictions by as much as an order of magnitude. Measurements will be made to study internal lee-wave generation and evolution, hydraulic jumps, turbulence and water-mass transformation where the Kuroshio crosses a seamount chain in Tokara Strait. Line-arrays of chi-augmented EMAPEX profiling floats will be deployed at across-stream locations upstream of the seamount chain to be swept across by the Kuroshio, obtaining along-stream/depth sections from the surface to the bottom ( 600 m depth), and from up- to downstream of the shoal topography with a focus on the flow structure and turbulence in the lee. These measurements will address whether lee-wave generation and bottom drag represent major sinks for balanced flows. These measurements will offer a more complete assessment of lee-wave generation and the fate of lee waves than has hitherto been performed.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.