RAPID/Collaborative Research: Japan-U.S. Collaboration on the Seismic Resilience of Wood-frame Building Systems

轻框架、木结构、单户和多户住宅占美国住宅建筑存量的大部分，是国家福利的重要基础设施。尽管在过去的十年中，在更好地了解木框架建筑体系的地震反应和确定可持续的抗震加固方法方面取得了重大进展，但大多数研究仅集中在结构体系和非结构构件的反应上。地震期间建筑物与生命线组件(如公用设施管道系统)的相互作用以及土壤与结构的相互作用还没有得到广泛的分析或实验研究。这笔快速反应研究补助金(RAPID)将支持美国大学的一个研究团队与日本大学的研究人员合作，进行木结构建筑系统的实验性地震研究，该研究将于2019年初在日本三木的世界最大振动台(E-Defense)进行。这个快速项目的目标是收集时间敏感的数据，并计划在E-Defense振动台上进行有效载荷测试，这是日本文部科学省和国家地球科学与抗灾研究所(NIED)支持的“东京都复原力项目”的一个子项目，在两座全尺寸的三层木结构建筑上进行。这项研究的成果将包括一个数据库，使用国家科学基金会支持的自然灾害工程研究基础设施(NHERI)自然灾害勘测设施设备(https://rapid.designsafe-ci.org/)，)的先进技术记录的典型木结构建筑系统的抗震性能，可持续抗震加固方法的效率，以及复杂的土壤-结构-非结构-生命线相互作用。这些实验测试的数据可以用来改进计算模型，以预测建筑性能、维修时间和事件后的功能性比率。这项研究的结果还将使决策者能够更好地了解住宅单元的多种属性与各种抗震改造技术的效率之间相互依存的性质，并将有助于减少地震脆弱性的规划和投资。收集的数据将被存档，并在美国国家科学基金会支持的国家医疗保险数据仓库(https://www.designsafe-ci.org/).)中公开提供该项目将培养一名研究生，并通过NSF支持的NHERI与日本NIED建立的合作伙伴关系，促进日美两国同事在增强木结构建筑系统在城市环境中的弹性方面的国际合作。该项目的成果将通过公共网络研讨会和NHERI网站(https://www.designsafe-ci.org).In)上的播客进行传播。在这个快速项目中，日本和美国的合作研究团队将调查在电子防御振动台测试的木结构建筑系统的地震弹性，以及测试各种抗震翻新/修复解决方案，以提高城市社区的弹性。日本木结构住宅的设计与美国的住宅设计有相当的可比性。该项目的目标有两个：(1)在E-Defense测试期间收集不同地震烈度的损坏和修复/恢复数据，直到结构完全倒塌，考虑结构和非结构组件、土壤-结构相互作用和生命线实用性能(包括常规设计和抗震改造解决方案)的相互作用，以及(2)确定有效载荷项目的机会，如翻新、各种公用设施系统和非结构组件。收集到的数据将用于基于对地震危险特征、人为决策过程、建筑和翻新属性以及经济因素之间复杂交互作用的评估，建立住房恢复的整体绩效。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Light-frame wood single- and multi- family dwellings represent the majority of the residential building stock in the United States and form an important underpinning infrastructure for national welfare. Although significant progress has been made during the past decade to better understand the seismic response of wood-frame building systems and identify sustainable seismic retrofit methods, most studies have focused only on the structural system and nonstructural component response. Building interactions with lifeline components (e.g., utility piping systems) and soil-structure interaction during seismic events have not been widely investigated either analytically or experimentally. This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will support a team of researchers from U.S. universities to collaborate with researchers from Japanese universities on experimental seismic studies of wood-frame building systems that will be conducted at the world's largest shake table (E-Defense) in Miki, Japan in early 2019. The goal of this RAPID project is to collect time-sensitive data and plan payload tests for the experimental studies at the E-Defense shake table on two full-scale, three-story wood-frame buildings as a sub-project of the "Tokyo Metropolitan Resilience Project" supported in Japan by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED). The outcomes of this research will include a database, recorded using the advanced technologies of the NSF-supported Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) Natural Hazards Reconnaissance Facility equipment (https://rapid.designsafe-ci.org/), on the seismic performance of typical wood-frame building systems, the efficiency of sustainable seismic retrofit methods, and the complex soil-structural-nonstructural-lifeline interactions. The data from these experimental tests can be used to advance computational models for the prediction of building performance, repair times, and post-event functionality rates. The results of this research will also enable decision-makers to better understand the nature of interdependency between the multiple attributes of a residential unit and the efficiency of the various seismic retrofit techniques and will assist in planning and investments to reduce seismic vulnerability. The collected data will be archived and made publicly available in the NSF-supported NHERI Data Depot (https://www.designsafe-ci.org/). This project will train a graduate student and promote international collaboration between Japanese and U.S. colleagues working together on enhancing the resilience of wood-frame building systems in urban environments through the established partnership of the NSF-supported NHERI with Japan's NIED. The findings of this project will be disseminated through a public webinar as well as podcasts on the NHERI web site (https://www.designsafe-ci.org).In this RAPID project, the collaborative Japanese and U.S. research team will investigate the seismic resilience of wood-frame building systems tested at the E-Defense shake table as well as testing various seismic retrofit/repair solutions for enhancing urban community resilience. The design of wood-frame residential construction in Japan is considerably comparable to U.S. residential design. The objectives of this project are twofold: (1) collect damage and repair/restoration data during the E-Defense tests for different levels of seismic intensity until complete structural collapse, accounting for the interaction of structural and nonstructural components, soil-structure interaction, and lifeline utility performance (both for conventional designs as well as for solutions with seismic retrofits), and (2) identify opportunities for payload projects such as retrofits, various utility systems, and nonstructural components. The collected data will be used to establish a holistic performance of housing recovery based on the assessment of the complex interaction among seismic hazard characteristics, human decision-making processes, building and retrofit attributes, and economic factors.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.