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Interrelated Resistance Mechanisms in Fouling Layers on Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Water Treatment

水处理反渗透膜污垢层的相关阻力机制

基本信息

批准号：
234635226
负责人：
Professor Dr.-Ing. Wojciech Grzegorz Kowalczyk
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Mechanik und Robotik
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/234635226?language=en
关键词：
Interrelated Resistance Mechanisms Fouling Layers

项目摘要

Fouling is commonly regarded as the main cause for the permanent performance loss in membrane filtration by reverse osmosis (RO). Nevertheless, the extent and the effects of fouling are not identically pronounced for all filtration situations but are dependent on a number of different factors that determine the specific properties of the respective fouling layer. The individual composition and the spatial structure of the fouling layer, in turn determine the resistance mechanisms that are responsible for the fouling related performance loss of a filtration system. One of the major resistance mechanisms is the hydraulic permeation resistance raised by the formation of a more or less dense fouling layer on the membrane surface; another is the increased feed-side osmotic pressure induced by an intensification of the intrinsically existing polarization processes that occur at the membrane surface as a result of the separation. In classical Resistance-in-Series models hydraulic and polarization related effects are considered as separate processes. Recent studies, however, indicate that significant interactions exist between these mechanisms, which can either lead to a strengthening or weakening of the overall resistance of a fouling layer. The knowledge of these fundamental interactions could therefore be used to substantially reduce the resistance caused by fouling layers by controlling their composition and / or structure. It is, thus, the aim of the anticipated systematical studies to identify and investigate the interactions between different fouling related resistance mechanisms in dependence of the composition and structure of characteristic fouling layers and to quantify their effect on the overall resistance under filtration conditions of practical relevance. This is achieved by applying a combination of CFD-based model theory and defined laboratory experiments.

在反渗透膜过滤中，污染通常被认为是造成永久性性能损失的主要原因。然而，污垢的程度和影响并不是对所有过滤情况都是相同的，而是取决于一些不同的因素，这些因素决定了各自污垢层的具体性质。污垢层的个体组成和空间结构反过来又决定了导致过滤系统与污垢相关的性能损失的阻力机制。主要的阻力机制之一是膜表面形成或多或少致密的污染层而增加的水力渗透阻力；另一个是由于分离导致膜表面固有的极化过程加剧而导致进料侧渗透压增加。在经典的串联电阻模型中，水力效应和极化相关效应被认为是独立的过程。然而，最近的研究表明，这些机制之间存在显著的相互作用，这可能导致污垢层整体阻力的增强或减弱。因此，这些基本相互作用的知识可以用来通过控制污垢层的组成和/或结构来大大减少污垢层造成的阻力。因此，预期的系统研究的目的是根据特征污垢层的组成和结构来确定和调查不同的与污垢有关的阻力机制之间的相互作用，并量化它们在具有实际意义的过滤条件下对总体阻力的影响。这是通过应用基于CFD的模型理论和定义的实验室实验相结合来实现的。