Doctoral Dissertation Research: Economic Resources, Parental Status and Changing Gender Norms: The Case of Marital Name Choice

博士论文研究：经济资源、父母状况和不断变化的性别规范：婚姻姓名选择的案例

• 批准号: 1830714
• 负责人: Youngjoo Cha
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-06-01 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1830714&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Economic; Resources

Through the mid-1990s, gender attitudes related to work became more egalitarian, but gender attitudes related to family, such as marital name choice attitudes, have been slower to change. Many people perceive women who take partner names as selfless, and women who keep their birth names as individualistic. This project will examine how marital name norms may evolve by identifying the conditions under which norm-breakers are given more leniency. The project examines whether women and men who are middle-class or working-class, women and men who are primary breadwinners or secondary breadwinners, and women and men who do or do not plan to have children are viewed differently when they make unconventional marital name decisions, e.g., when women keep their names or when men hyphenate their names. Findings will add nuance to public discourse about marriage equality by showing how the public views unconventional actions, how female and male characteristics shape the consequences they face, and how views of name choice speak to larger public discourses about gender equality. The project includes three survey experiments to examine whether and how economic resources and parental status change the effect that marital name choice has on views of women and men. Respondents will evaluate the female and male likability, dominance, interpersonal hostility, femininity and masculinity, perceived parenting ability and answer open-ended questions assessing their approval of marital name decisions. Qualtrics, an online survey platform that recruits respondents, will collect data for each experiment. The first study will examine whether and, if so, how views of norm-breakers differ based on gender and social class. Hypotheses suggest that middle-class women and men may have more freedom to break the norm because middle-class Americans are viewed more positively than working-class Americans. The second study will examine how perceptions of norm-breakers differ based on relative income, in addition to gender and class. Hypotheses suggest that individuals who are primary earners in their relationships may have more bargaining power and leverage to break norms. The third study examines how views of norm-breakers differ based on parental status, and how this relationship may vary by gender and class. Hypotheses suggest that gender norms will be more rigid when a couple has children, so women may have less flexibility to break name norms if they express plans to have children. Each of the three experiments randomly assigns respondents to conditions that systematically vary the respondent marital name choice (woman takes name of husband, both keep names, both hyphenate), gender (woman, man), as well as class (working/middle-class; Study 1), relative income (woman/man primary earner; Study 2) and parental status (plan/do not plan to have children; Study 3). Findings will inform theories related to gender, family, and changing gender norms in U.S. society.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在整个1990年代中期，与工作有关的性别态度变得更加平等，但与家庭有关的性别态度，如对婚姻姓氏选择的态度，变化较慢。许多人认为用伴侣名字的女性是无私的，而保留自己出生时名字的女性是个人主义的。该项目将通过确定在何种条件下对违反规范者给予更宽大的处理，来审查婚姻姓氏规范如何演变。该项目调查了中产阶级或工人阶级的妇女和男子、主要养家糊口者或次要养家糊口者的妇女和男子以及计划生育或不计划生育的妇女和男子在作出非传统的婚姻姓氏决定时是否受到不同的看待，例如，当女人保留自己的名字或当男人连字符他们的名字。调查结果将通过展示公众如何看待非常规行为，女性和男性特征如何塑造他们所面临的后果，以及姓名选择的观点如何与更大的关于性别平等的公众话语相联系，来为关于婚姻平等的公共话语增添细微差别。该项目包括三项调查实验，以审查经济资源和父母地位是否以及如何改变婚姻姓氏选择对妇女和男子的看法的影响。受访者将评估女性和男性的可爱性，支配地位，人际敌意，女性气质和男性气质，感知养育能力，并回答开放式问题，评估他们对婚姻姓氏决定的认可。Qualtrics是一个招募受访者的在线调查平台，将为每个实验收集数据。第一项研究将研究是否以及如何基于性别和社会阶层对规范破坏者的看法有所不同。假设表明，中产阶级的女性和男性可能有更多的自由来打破规范，因为中产阶级的美国人比工人阶级的美国人更积极。第二项研究将探讨如何根据相对收入，以及性别和阶级对规范破坏者的看法有所不同。假设表明，在他们的关系中，主要赚钱的人可能有更多的讨价还价的能力和杠杆来打破规范。第三项研究探讨了如何根据父母的地位不同，以及这种关系如何因性别和阶级而异。假设表明，当一对夫妇有孩子时，性别规范将更加严格，因此，如果女性表示计划生孩子，她们可能没有那么多的灵活性来打破姓名规范。三个实验中的每一个都将受访者随机分配到不同的条件下，这些条件系统地改变了受访者的婚姻名字选择（女人以丈夫的名字命名，都保留名字，都用连字符），性别（女人，男人），以及阶级（工作/中产阶级;研究1），相对收入（女人/男人的主要收入者;研究2）和父母地位（计划/不计划生孩子;研究3）。 研究结果将为与性别、家庭和美国社会中不断变化的性别规范相关的理论提供信息。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。