Medieval woodland and its use in the Schleswig isthmus, Northern Germany

该项目研究了德国北部石勒苏益格地峡地区中世纪早期和晚期的林地组成和状态，以及林地的使用。在丹麦王国（Danewerk）的兴起和城市化进程（Haithabu: 9世纪至11世纪中期；石勒苏益格：11世纪后期以来）的背景下，研究了强烈的人类活动导致的林地覆盖、结构和组成的变化。具体问题是：(1)Haithabu， Danewerk和Schleswig周围的林地是在哪个州（例如密度，年龄结构）？(2)在中世纪早期和中世纪晚期，林地的变化是如何以及何时发生的（如未受干扰的生长、小尺度和大尺度的砍伐、结构的变化）？(3)人们如何利用林地并与之互动（如林地利用制度、木材进口等）。来自Haithabu，石勒苏益格和Danewerk的大约8000个橡木样本可用于详细的树木年代学，树木类型和树木生态学分析。最古老的木片来自于5世纪发芽的树木，最年轻的在14世纪被砍伐。此外，将对海萨布的木炭进行人类学分析。由此产生的数据将与对能源木材需求的估计相结合，例如铁加工（Haithabu），中世纪城镇（石勒苏益格）和砖生产（Danewerk的Waldemar墙的45000立方米砖）。有关古环境的进一步现有数据将加以综合。

The project addresses the woodland composition and state as well as woodland use during early and high medieval times in the area of the Schleswig Isthmus, in Northern Germany. Changes of woodland coverage, structure and composition due to intense human activities are investigated in context of the rise of the Danish kingdom (Danewerk) and urbanisation processes (Haithabu: 9th- mid 11th century; Schleswig: since the late 11th century. Specific questions are: (1) In which state were woodlans around Haithabu, Danewerk and Schleswig (e.g. density, age structure)? (2) How and when did changes occur to the woodland during early- and high medieval times (e.g. undisturbed growth, small and large scale clearances, change of structure)? (3) How did the people use and interact with the woodland (e.g. woodland usage systems, import of timber and wood).Around 8.000 oak wood samples are available from Haithabu, Schleswig and Danewerk for a detailed dendrochronological, dendrotypological and dendroecological analysis. The oldest wood pieces originate from trees which germinated in the 5th century, and the youngest were felled in the 14th century. In addition, charcoals from Haithabu will be analysed anthracologically. The thus originated data will be combined with estimations on the energy wood need for e.g. iron processing (Haithabu), for medieval town (Schleswig), and for brick production (45.000 m³ bricks for the Waldemar wall of the Danewerk). Further available data on the palaeoenvironment will be integrated.