Medieval woodland and its use in the Schleswig isthmus, Northern Germany

该项目介绍了德国北部石勒苏益格地峡地区早期和中世纪晚期的林地组成和状态以及林地使用情况。在丹麦王国(Danewerk)崛起和城市化进程(海塔布：9-11世纪中叶；石勒苏益格：自11世纪末以来)的背景下，研究了由于强烈的人类活动而导致的林地覆盖率、结构和组成的变化。具体问题是：(1)海塔布、丹内维克和石勒苏益格周围的林木处于什么状态(例如密度、年龄结构)？(2)在中世纪早期和晚期，林地如何以及何时发生变化(例如，未受干扰的生长、小规模和大规模的砍伐、结构变化)？(3)人们是如何利用林地并与之互动的(例如，林地使用系统、木材和木材的进口)。从海塔布、石勒苏益格和丹尼沃克获得了大约8.000个橡木样本，以进行详细的树木年代学、树木类型学和树木生态分析。最古老的木片起源于5世纪发芽的树木，最年轻的木片在14世纪被砍伐。此外，还将对来自海塔布的木炭进行无烟煤分析。由此产生的数据将与对木材能源需求的估计相结合，这些能源用于钢铁加工(海塔布)、中世纪城镇(石勒苏益格)和砖生产(丹尼韦克的沃尔德马尔墙需要45.000平方米的砖)。关于古环境的更多可用数据将被整合。

The project addresses the woodland composition and state as well as woodland use during early and high medieval times in the area of the Schleswig Isthmus, in Northern Germany. Changes of woodland coverage, structure and composition due to intense human activities are investigated in context of the rise of the Danish kingdom (Danewerk) and urbanisation processes (Haithabu: 9th- mid 11th century; Schleswig: since the late 11th century. Specific questions are: (1) In which state were woodlans around Haithabu, Danewerk and Schleswig (e.g. density, age structure)? (2) How and when did changes occur to the woodland during early- and high medieval times (e.g. undisturbed growth, small and large scale clearances, change of structure)? (3) How did the people use and interact with the woodland (e.g. woodland usage systems, import of timber and wood).Around 8.000 oak wood samples are available from Haithabu, Schleswig and Danewerk for a detailed dendrochronological, dendrotypological and dendroecological analysis. The oldest wood pieces originate from trees which germinated in the 5th century, and the youngest were felled in the 14th century. In addition, charcoals from Haithabu will be analysed anthracologically. The thus originated data will be combined with estimations on the energy wood need for e.g. iron processing (Haithabu), for medieval town (Schleswig), and for brick production (45.000 m³ bricks for the Waldemar wall of the Danewerk). Further available data on the palaeoenvironment will be integrated.