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The importance of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau for the subtribe Gentianinae (Gentianaceae): the relative contribution of in situ speciation versus colonisation

青藏高原隆起对于龙胆亚族（Gentianaceae）的重要性：原位物种形成与殖民化的相对贡献

基本信息

批准号：
235296812
负责人：
Dr. Adrien Favre
金额：
--
依托单位：
Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/235296812?language=en
关键词：
importance uplift Qinghai Tibetan Plateau

项目摘要

This project is designed to study evolutionary processes that lead to the establishment high levels of biodiversity in the mountainous region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). It is often assumed that the uplift of the QTP triggered adaptive radiations in many plant lineages. Yet, there is a remarkable delay between uplift and biological response (diversification), indicating that geological processes alone cannot explain the observed accumulation of biodiversity in this region. Among others, the species pump effect driven by climate oscillation, and variations of ploidy levels might both have fostered diversification.Climatic niche and ploidy evolution will be investigated in the light of phylogenies derived from High-Throughput sequence data. The study of climatic niche evolution will provide indications whether shifts in climatic niche preferences promoted the diversification of a species-rich genus, Gentiana (Gentianaceae), which has been shown to originate in the region of the QTP. Furthermore, species distribution modelling (based upon occurrence and Worldclim data) will be performed for glacials and interglacials in order to evaluate the extent of range expansion/contraction, and the species pump effect during climate oscillations in the QTP region. Similar analyses will be performed for a clade of the Rocky Mountains, allowing to compare between these mountain systems. Species distribution modelling for glacials and interglacials, performed with the support of climate modellers (umbrella project proposal A), will be further completed by refined biogeographical analyses in order to identify major dispersal routes out of Tibet. Because these routes might vary according to the ecology of a taxon, three subclades with contrasting ecology (representing two to three thermal belts) within Gentiana will be compared. In the course of this study, I want to answer the following questions: (1) Is the shift in diversification rates in the lineage Gentiana sect. Cruciata/G. sect. Pneumonanthe associated with a shift in climatic niche requirements, and does this shift in climatic niche requirements correspond to variation of biome distribution through time? (2) Did lineages with contrasting ecology (G. sections Cruciata and Pneumonanthe, Frigida, Monopodiae) disperse out of the QTP under different climatic conditions and by different dispersal routes? (3) Did the mountainous regions of the QTP and North America act as species pumps in the sister sections Cruciata (mainly QTP), and Pneumonanthe (mainly North America), respectively? (4) Do polyploids have a broader climatic niche than diploids?

通常认为，在许多植物谱系中，QTP的抬升触发了适应性辐射。然而，隆升和生物反应（多样化）之间存在显著的延迟，表明仅靠地质过程不能解释该地区观察到的生物多样性积累。其中，气候振荡驱动的物种泵效应和倍性水平的变化可能都促进了多样性。气候生态位和倍性进化将根据高通量序列数据得出的系统发育进行研究。气候生态位进化的研究将提供气候生态位偏好的变化是否促进了物种丰富的龙胆属（龙胆科）的多样化，龙胆属已被证明起源于青藏高原地区。此外，基于发生和Worldclim数据，将对冰川和间冰期进行物种分布模拟，以评估QTP地区气候振荡期间的范围扩张/收缩程度以及物种泵效应。将对落基山脉的一个分支进行类似的分析，以便在这些山脉系统之间进行比较。由于这些路线可能会根据一个分类单元的生态而变化，因此将龙胆属中具有不同生态（代表两到三个热带）的三个亚枝进行比较。在本研究的过程中，我想回答以下问题：(1)龙胆属十字花科（Gentiana sect. crucata /G.）的多样化率是否发生了变化？肺炎与气候生态位需求的变化有关，这种气候生态位需求的变化是否与生物群落分布随时间的变化相对应？(2)在不同的气候条件和不同的传播途径下，生态环境不同的谱系（十字花科、气门科、冷门科、单足科）是否分散出了QTP ？(3)青藏高原山区和北美山区是否分别在十字花科（主要是青藏高原）和pneumonan科（主要是北美）的姊妹科中起着物种泵的作用？(4)多倍体是否比二倍体有更广阔的气候生态位？