EAGER: Pool Boiling of Water on a Binary Surface

将水煮沸以传递热量在我们的日常生活中有应用，例如发电、水净化和烹饪。当水在表面上沸腾时，大量的热量可以从表面传递到水中，而不会引起表面温度的显着升高；因此，沸腾也用于电子设备的冷却等应用，在这些应用中，温度的大幅上升是禁止的。然而，当大量的热量必须从一个小区域通过煮沸，它遇到了一个危机称为临界热通量（CHF）限制。在这个极限下，迅速产生的蒸汽泡合并在热表面上形成一层蒸汽膜，防止液态水接触表面。该项目追求一种新型表面，称为二元表面（BiS），用于扩展当前沸水的CHF极限。提高水的沸腾性能的基础科学将通过YouTube视频与公众分享。A BiS是一种高度湿润的表面，具有许多亚表面微/纳米空腔，其中充满了非沸腾液体（NBL），在固体岛屿周围形成水坑。本研究项目的目的有两个：(1)实验测量铜-油双表面（油为NBL）沸水池沸腾时的CHF和传热系数，并与亲疏水表面上的CHF和传热系数进行比较；(2)为双表面上发生非均相气泡成核的假设获得证据。为了实现这一目标，我们计划了两个任务，分别是池沸腾实验和实验前后的BiS表面制备和分析。该项目有助于建立一种新的沸腾增强机制的可行性，该机制可能在许多领域产生重大影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Boiling of water to transfer heat has applications in our day-to-day lives, e.g., in power generation, water purification, and cooking. When water boils over a surface, substantial amounts of heat can be transferred from the surface to the water without causing a significant increase in the surface temperature; hence, boiling is also used in applications such as cooling of electronics where large temperature rises are prohibitive. However, when a large amount of heat must be removed from a small area through boiling, it encounters a crisis called the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) limit. At this limit, the rapidly generated vapor bubbles merge to form a vapor film on the hot surface which prevents liquid water to contact the surface. This project pursues a new type of surface, called the Binary Surface(s) (BiS), for extending the current CHF limits for the boiling of water. The underlying science that enables enhanced boiling performance of water on BiS will be shared with the public through YouTube videos.A BiS is a highly wetting surface with many sub-surface micro-/nano-cavities, which are filled with a Non-Boiling Liquid (NBL) creating puddles around solid islands. The goal of this research project is two-fold: (1) to experimentally measure the CHF and the Heat Transfer Coefficient for the pool boiling of water on a copper-oil BiS (oil is the NBL) and compare them with those obtained on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces and (2) to obtain evidence for the hypothesis that heterogeneous bubble nucleation occurs on a BiS. Two tasks are planned to realize this goal and they include pool boiling experiments and BiS surface preparation and analysis before and after the experiments. This project helps to establish the feasibility of a new boiling enhancement mechanism that could have a significant impact in many fields.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.