Gemini Observatory in the Era of Multi-Messenger Astronomy: High Image Quality and Rapid Response to Cosmic Events

多信使天文学时代的双子座天文台：高图像质量和对宇宙事件的快速响应

• 批准号: 1839225
• 负责人: Charles Mattias Mountain
• 金额: $ 2597.41万
• 依托单位: Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-10-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1839225&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Gemini; Observatory; Era; Multi; Messenger

The Gemini Observatory operates two large telescopes, one in Hawai'i and one in Chile. These two telescopes provide astronomers in the U.S., Canada, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile with access to the whole sky. Using modern instruments on each telescope, astronomers are able to study everything from asteroids, comets and nearby planets, to huge super-bright stars and distant galaxies. Plans are now under way at Gemini to prepare each telescope for a new decade of discovery. Astrophysics in the 2020s will be revolutionized by "Multi-Messenger Astronomy", an exciting new field that uses gravitational waves and high-energy particles, as well as ordinary everyday light, to study some of the most exotic objects and explosive events in the Universe. Facilities like NSF's Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), the NSF/University of Wisconsin IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory, and NSF's latest telescope, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), will detect these "messengers", changing the way we study the Universe. In support of these remarkable new observatories, Gemini will develop new computer software and new optics hardware so that astronomers can study each new discovery quickly and in high detail. In addition to making remarkable discoveries and doing amazing science, Gemini is also a leader in education, public information and outreach activities. Gemini staff bring science to the communities in both Hawai'i and Chile through unique programs such as Journey through the Universe, AstroDay, and Viaje al Universo. With this new award they will extend their reach by developing a Planetarium show that will help the public better understand Multi-Messenger Astronomy. Gemini will also run workshops for educators and communicators so that they too can explain the exciting new discoveries that will surely be made by LIGO, IceCube, LSST and Gemini over the coming decade. Gemini has proposed a challenging though very exciting program of cutting-edge development activities that are in line with NSF's strategic goals and those of its international partners in the Gemini Observatory. The enhancement of existing Adaptive Optics (AO) capabilities at Gemini-S and particularly Gemini-N on Maunakea, one of the best sites in the world for high-resolution imaging, will ensure that the observatory remains competitive in the 2020s, in the run-up to the commissioning of 30-to-40 meter class telescopes at the end of the coming decade. Wide-field AO-corrected infrared imaging at Gemini will complement a similar capability on the James Webb Space Telescope, which will hopefully be executing its prime mission in the 2020s. At the same time, in collaboration with other national facilities, Gemini staff will develop and mature software aimed specifically at preparing Gemini for time domain and multi-messenger astronomy in a decade when LIGO and LSST will drive many of the most exciting science discoveries. The proposal's goal of ensuring that Gemini is the best positioned public 8-meter class facility for follow-up activities is clearly consistent with the wishes of the observing communities at home and abroad.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

双子座天文台操作两台大型望远镜，一个在夏威夷，另一个在智利。 这两种望远镜为美国，加拿大，阿根廷，巴西和智利提供了天文学家，并可以进入整个天空。天文学家使用每种望远镜上的现代仪器，都可以研究从小行星，彗星和附近的行星到巨大的超级恒星和遥远星系的所有内容。 现在，Gemini正在制定计划，准备新的十年望远镜。 2020年代的天体物理学将被“多门徒天文学”革命，这是一个令人兴奋的新领域，它使用引力波和高能颗粒以及普通的日常光，以研究宇宙中一些最外来的物体和爆炸性事件。 NSF的激光干涉仪重力波天文台（LIGO），Wisconsin Icecube South Pole中微子天文台和NSF的最新望远镜，大型Synoptics调查望远镜（LSST）等设施将检测到这些“使者”，更改我们的Univere。为了支持这些非凡的新观测站，双子座将开发新的计算机软件和新的光学硬件，以便天文学家可以快速和详细地研究每个新发现。除了做出杰出的发现并做惊人的科学外，双子座还成为教育，公共信息和外展活动的领导者。双子座的员工通过宇宙，Astroday和Viaje Al Universo等独特的计划将科学带入夏威夷和智利的社区。通过这一新奖项，他们将通过开发一个天文馆表演来扩大覆盖范围，该节目将帮助公众更好地了解多信子天文学。双子座还将为教育工作者和沟通者举办研讨会，以便他们也可以解释Ligo，Icecube，LSST和Gemini在未来十年中肯定会进行的令人兴奋的新发现。双子座提出了一个充满挑战的，令人兴奋的尖端发展活动计划，该计划符合NSF的战略目标以及双子座天文台的国际合作伙伴的目标。在Gemini-S上的现有自适应光学（AO）功能的增强，尤其是Maunakea上的双子座N（Gemini-N）是世界上最好的高分辨率成像网站之一，它将确保在即将在即将到来的十年中进行30至40米级的远程计算，在2020年代，天文台在2020年代保持竞争力。 Gemini的广场AO校正红外成像将补充James Webb Space望远镜的类似功能，该望远镜有望在2020年代执行其主要任务。同时，与其他国家设施合作，Gemini的工作人员将开发和成熟的软件，专门为在十年内准备Gemini for Gemini for Time Domain和Multi-Messenger天文学，当时Ligo和LSST将推动许多最令人兴奋的科学发现。该提案的目的是确保双子座是最佳位置的公共8米课程，以进行后续活动，这显然与国内外观察社区的愿望一致。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估来通过评估来支持的，这是值得的。