RAPID: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: OBS survey of Kilauea's submarine south flank following the May 4, 2018 M6.9 earthquake and Lower East Rift Zone eruption

2018年4月，正在喷发的基拉韦厄火山发生了戏剧性的变化。山顶熔岩湖和活跃了35年的普乌火山喷口都灾难性地枯竭了，岩浆流到了下东部裂谷区，在那里开始喷发，最终流入海洋。该项目将部署一个由12个海底地震仪组成的网络，记录与正在进行的火山喷发有关的地震。这些仪器将部署在南侧翼，记录几百次近海地震和夏威夷岛地下发生的数千次地震。地震位置将有助于了解火山海底南侧的变形，并提供对基拉韦厄火山沿太平洋板块移动的断裂带性质的了解。在熔岩进入海洋的海洋入口产生的能量记录将用于了解海底喷发过程，如熔岩水爆炸、海底熔岩流和山体滑坡。该项目将加强对与基拉韦厄火山喷发有关的地震和火山灾害的认识，包括可能发生的近海滑坡和潜在的海啸。该项目支持对学生进行考察研究的培训。数据将在收集后立即提供。在基拉韦厄火山，2018年春季喷发活动的变化伴随着裂谷带、山顶和火山海底南侧下方地震活动的增加。在潜艇南侧的边缘也记录了活动，在过去没有看到明显的地震活动的地区。近海记录到的地震位置都很差，因为地震网络仅限于震源球的一半。这项工作将集中于回答几个关键问题。今天在活动南翼内部和下方有哪些结构是活跃的，与它们相关的变形机制是什么，它们与正在进行的火山喷发有什么关系？这次6.9级地震似乎也使一个经历了地震滑动的地区破裂，尽管被解释为缓慢滑动的震源区比邻近地区的余震要少得多。是什么导致了该地区的同震滑动？基拉韦厄火山的海底南侧大部分是由通过山体滑坡向下坡输送的碎片熔岩组成的。随着新的海洋入口的形成，这个过程是如何演变的？该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

In April 2018, a dramatic shift took place in the ongoing eruption of Kilauea volcano. Both the summit lava lake and the vent at Puu Oo, active for 35 years, catastrophically drained, sending magma to the Lower East Rift Zone where it began to erupt, and eventually to flow into the ocean. This project is to deploy a network of 12 ocean-bottom seismometers to record earthquakes associated with the ongoing eruption. The instruments will be deployed on the south flank, and will record several hundred offshore earthquakes and thousands more occurring beneath Hawaii Island. The earthquake locations will aid in understanding deformation on the submarine south flank of the volcano, and provide insight into properties of the fault zone along which Kilauea Volcano moves across the Pacific plate. Recordings of the energy generated at the ocean entry where lava enters the ocean will be used to understand submarine eruptive processes such as lava-water explosions, submarine lava flows, and landslides. This project will enhance understanding of the seismic and volcanic hazards associated with eruptions from Kilauea Volcano, including possible offshore landslides and potential tsunamis. The project supports the training of students on a research expedition. The data will be made available immediately upon collection.At Kilauea Volcano the change in eruptive activity in Spring 2018 was accompanied by an increase in seismicity within the rift zone, at the summit, and beneath the submarine south flank of the volcano. Activity has also been recorded at the margins of the submarine south flank, in areas that have not seen significant seismicity in the past. Earthquakes that have been recorded offshore are poorly located because the seismic network is limited to one half of the focal sphere. This work will focus on answering several key questions. What structures within and beneath the mobile south flank are active today, what are the deformation mechanisms associated with them, and how do they relate to the ongoing eruptions? The M 6.9 earthquake appears to have also ruptured an area that experiences aseismic slip although the interpreted slow-slip source region has far fewer aftershocks than the adjacent regions. What caused the region to slip co-seismically? Much of the submarine south flank of Kilauea is composed of fragmental lava that has been transported downslope through landsliding. How does this process evolve as a new ocean entry develops?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.