RAPID: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: OBS survey of Kilauea's submarine south flank following the May 4, 2018 M6.9 earthquake and Lower East Rift Zone eruption

2018年4月，正在喷发的基拉韦厄火山发生了戏剧性的转变。顶峰熔岩湖和普乌的喷口都发生了灾难性的排水，将岩浆送到下东裂谷地带，在那里开始喷发，最终流入海洋。该项目将部署一个由12台海底地震仪组成的网络，以记录与正在进行的火山喷发有关的地震。这些仪器将部署在南侧，将记录数百次近海地震和数千次夏威夷岛下发生的地震。地震位置将有助于了解火山南侧海底的变形，并提供对基拉韦厄火山沿太平洋板块移动的断裂带性质的洞察。在熔岩进入海洋的海洋入口产生的能量的记录将被用来了解海底喷发过程，如熔岩水爆炸、海底熔岩流动和山体滑坡。该项目将加强对与基拉韦厄火山喷发有关的地震和火山灾害的了解，包括可能的近海山体滑坡和潜在的海啸。该项目支持对学生进行研究考察的培训。这些数据将在收集后立即提供。在基拉韦厄火山，2018年春季喷发活动的变化伴随着裂谷带内、顶端和火山南侧海底下方地震活动的增加。在潜艇南翼边缘也记录到了活动，在过去没有发生过重大地震活动的地区。近海记录到的地震位置不佳，因为地震网络仅限于震源圈的一半。这项工作将集中回答几个关键问题。今天，活动的南翼内部和下方有哪些构造活动，与它们相关的变形机制是什么，它们与正在进行的喷发有什么关系？6.9级地震似乎也破坏了一个经历了无地震滑动的地区，尽管解释的慢滑震源区的余震比邻近地区要少得多。是什么导致了该地区的同震滑动？基拉韦厄号潜艇南侧的大部分是由碎屑熔岩组成的，这些熔岩是通过滑坡向下坡输送的。随着新的海洋进入的发展，这一过程是如何发展的？这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

In April 2018, a dramatic shift took place in the ongoing eruption of Kilauea volcano. Both the summit lava lake and the vent at Puu Oo, active for 35 years, catastrophically drained, sending magma to the Lower East Rift Zone where it began to erupt, and eventually to flow into the ocean. This project is to deploy a network of 12 ocean-bottom seismometers to record earthquakes associated with the ongoing eruption. The instruments will be deployed on the south flank, and will record several hundred offshore earthquakes and thousands more occurring beneath Hawaii Island. The earthquake locations will aid in understanding deformation on the submarine south flank of the volcano, and provide insight into properties of the fault zone along which Kilauea Volcano moves across the Pacific plate. Recordings of the energy generated at the ocean entry where lava enters the ocean will be used to understand submarine eruptive processes such as lava-water explosions, submarine lava flows, and landslides. This project will enhance understanding of the seismic and volcanic hazards associated with eruptions from Kilauea Volcano, including possible offshore landslides and potential tsunamis. The project supports the training of students on a research expedition. The data will be made available immediately upon collection.At Kilauea Volcano the change in eruptive activity in Spring 2018 was accompanied by an increase in seismicity within the rift zone, at the summit, and beneath the submarine south flank of the volcano. Activity has also been recorded at the margins of the submarine south flank, in areas that have not seen significant seismicity in the past. Earthquakes that have been recorded offshore are poorly located because the seismic network is limited to one half of the focal sphere. This work will focus on answering several key questions. What structures within and beneath the mobile south flank are active today, what are the deformation mechanisms associated with them, and how do they relate to the ongoing eruptions? The M 6.9 earthquake appears to have also ruptured an area that experiences aseismic slip although the interpreted slow-slip source region has far fewer aftershocks than the adjacent regions. What caused the region to slip co-seismically? Much of the submarine south flank of Kilauea is composed of fragmental lava that has been transported downslope through landsliding. How does this process evolve as a new ocean entry develops?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.