RAPID: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: OBS survey of Kilauea's submarine south flank following the May 4, 2018 M6.9 earthquake and Lower East Rift Zone eruption

快速：协作研究：2018 年 5 月 4 日 M6.9 地震和下东裂谷带喷发后，OBS 对基拉韦厄海底南侧进行的调查

• 批准号: 1841020
• 负责人: Julia Morgan
• 金额: $ 1万
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-15 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1841020&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; OBS; survey

In April 2018, a dramatic shift took place in the ongoing eruption of Kilauea volcano. Both the summit lava lake and the vent at Puu Oo, active for 35 years, catastrophically drained, sending magma to the Lower East Rift Zone where it began to erupt, and eventually to flow into the ocean. This project is to deploy a network of 12 ocean-bottom seismometers to record earthquakes associated with the ongoing eruption. The instruments will be deployed on the south flank, and will record several hundred offshore earthquakes and thousands more occurring beneath Hawaii Island. The earthquake locations will aid in understanding deformation on the submarine south flank of the volcano, and provide insight into properties of the fault zone along which Kilauea Volcano moves across the Pacific plate. Recordings of the energy generated at the ocean entry where lava enters the ocean will be used to understand submarine eruptive processes such as lava-water explosions, submarine lava flows, and landslides. This project will enhance understanding of the seismic and volcanic hazards associated with eruptions from Kilauea Volcano, including possible offshore landslides and potential tsunamis. The project supports the training of students on a research expedition. The data will be made available immediately upon collection.At Kilauea Volcano the change in eruptive activity in Spring 2018 was accompanied by an increase in seismicity within the rift zone, at the summit, and beneath the submarine south flank of the volcano. Activity has also been recorded at the margins of the submarine south flank, in areas that have not seen significant seismicity in the past. Earthquakes that have been recorded offshore are poorly located because the seismic network is limited to one half of the focal sphere. This work will focus on answering several key questions. What structures within and beneath the mobile south flank are active today, what are the deformation mechanisms associated with them, and how do they relate to the ongoing eruptions? The M 6.9 earthquake appears to have also ruptured an area that experiences aseismic slip although the interpreted slow-slip source region has far fewer aftershocks than the adjacent regions. What caused the region to slip co-seismically? Much of the submarine south flank of Kilauea is composed of fragmental lava that has been transported downslope through landsliding. How does this process evolve as a new ocean entry develops?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2018年4月，在基拉韦阿火山的持续爆发中发生了巨大的转变。山顶熔岩湖和Puu oo的通风口都活跃了35年，灾难性地耗尽，将岩浆送到下东裂谷区，那里开始爆发，并最终流入海洋。 该项目是部署一个由12个海底地震仪的网络，以记录与正在进行的喷发相关的地震。 这些乐器将部署在南侧，并将记录数百个离岸地震，并在夏威夷岛下发生数千次。 地震位置将有助于理解火山海底南侧的变形，并深入了解基拉韦阿火山在太平洋板上移动的断层区的性质。 熔岩进入海洋的海洋入口产生的能量的记录将用于了解海底喷发过程，例如熔岩 - 水爆炸，海底熔岩流和滑坡。该项目将增强对与Kilauea火山喷发相关的地震和火山危害的理解，包括可能的海上滑坡和潜在的海啸。 该项目支持学生对研究探险的培训。 该数据将在收集后立即提供。在基拉韦亚火山中，2018年春季的爆发活动的变化伴随着裂谷区域内，山顶和火山潜艇南侧的地震活动的增加。 在过去从未有过明显地震性的地区，在海底南侧的边缘还记录了活动。 在海上记录的地震位置不佳，因为地震网络仅限于焦点球的一半。这项工作将集中于回答几个关键问题。当今移动南侧的内部和下方有哪些结构是活跃的，与之相关的变形机制是什么？它们与正在进行的爆发有何关系？ M 6.9地震似乎也破裂了一个经历无性滑移的区域，尽管解释的慢滑源区域的余震要比相邻区域少得多。是什么原因导致该地区在同时地滑倒？ Kilauea的大部分海底侧面是由碎片熔岩组成，这些熔岩已通过陆地滑动运输。 随着新的海洋进入的发展，该过程如何发展？该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估值得支持。