Doctoral Dissertation Research: Understanding Public Attitudes About Citizen Security

为了应对提供公共安全的挑战，各州选择了两种不同的方法：警务民主化或军事化。在民主化方面，一些州采取措施，让公民共同参与安全事务，目的是使公民更接近警察部队。然而，其他州选择了军事化的安全保障，使公民与警察的距离更远。在过去的30年里，军事化比民主化更容易，因为在一些国家，公民对军队的信任超过对警察的信任，即使在发生军事独裁的国家也是如此。这项研究调查了将公民与那些提供安全保障的人分开是否也会使公民与该州其他地区保持距离。公民安全民主化或军事化的决定影响公民对国家机构的想法和行为，影响公民与国家的联系。重要的是，政客们谈论公民安全的方式影响着人们做出警察决策的不同方式，以及公民对此做出的决定。因此，这项研究具有更广泛的影响，展示了从言辞到决策再到实施，政治家处理警务的方式最终将如何促进公民对政治参与的投资。这项研究将有助于政治学中的几场辩论。首先，它通过研究政客们关于安全保障的决定和言辞如何直接影响公民和国家之间的联系，直接与新兴的警务文献对话。这项研究认为，上述影响反映在公民对民主和军事化安全的态度以及他们参与安全共同生产。其次，它通过更好地对安全决策偏好、机构能力和公民态度和行为之间的联系进行理论分析，为关于国家能力和治理的文献做出了贡献。第三，它增加了有关执法军事化的文献，从公民的角度对军事化的安全采取了一种新的方法，并侧重于对执法军事化或民主化的态度如何改变。最后，它通过测试实现安全联合制作是否依赖于其他类型的政治参与来增加关于政治参与的文献。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

To face the challenge of public safety provision, states have opted for two different approaches: democratization of policing or militarization. When it comes to democratization, some states have employed measures to involve citizens in co-participation in matters of security, with the objective of bringing citizens closer to police forces. Other states, however, have opted for militarizing their provision of security, separating citizens even farther from the police. In these last 30 years, militarization has been easier than democratization because in some countries, citizens trust the military more than they do the police, even in countries where military dictatorships took place. This study examines whether separating citizens from those who provide their security also distances citizens from other parts of the state. The decision to either democratize or militarize citizen security affects what citizens think about and do in relation to state institutions, impacting citizen-state linkage. Importantly, the way politicians speak about citizen security affects the different ways decisions of policing are taken and how citizens also make their minds about it. Thus, this study has a broader impact in showing how, from rhetoric to decision-making to implementation, the way politicians approach policing will ultimately forge citizens' investment in political participation. This study will contribute to several debates in political science. First, it directly speaks to the burgeoning literature on policing by examining how politicians' decisions and rhetoric on security provision directly impact the linkage between citizens and the state. This study argues that said impact is reflected in citizen attitudes towards democratic and militarized security as well as their participation in security co-production. Second, it contributes to the literature on state capacity and governance by better theorizing the connection between preferences in security decision-making, institutional capacity, and citizen attitudes and behavior. Third, it adds to the literature on militarizing law enforcement by taking a novel approach to militarized security from the citizens' perspective and focusing on how attitudes towards militarizing or democratizing law enforcement change. Lastly, it adds to the literature on political participation by testing whether achieving security co-production relies on other types of political participation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.