The history of boycotts in Germany since the late 19th century

这个项目聚焦于19世纪末以来德国的消费者抵制，分析了它们对资本主义市场道德价值观和政治目标实施的影响。抵制被理解为活动人士要求顾客不要购买某些商品或服务，或者避免支持特定公司的运动。因此，抵制有赖于公民行动主义。这个项目将从积极分子的角度将抵制描述为消费者激进主义的一种特殊形式，从而有助于研究社会运动。特别是对抵制积极分子使用的策略的分析，可以得出关于他们行为的社会条件的结论，因为他们总是在特定的社会环境中行动。抵制目标、竞选策略和政治目标的选择可以被理解为特定社会结构的表达。因此，对抵制运动的历史演变的探讨为我们了解当时的社会环境在很长一段时间内的发展提供了一个机会。这涉及到经济结构的变化以及媒体报道领域的政治转变和转型。此外，该项目还突出了不同抵制运动的影响。通过考虑抵制积极分子能够在多大程度上通过某些道德理想影响市场结构，该项目展示了集体市场行动的社会嵌入性。最后，该项目还有助于研究历史层面的道德，因为它分析了抵制活动人士不断变化的道德和伦理目标。因此，本研究项目涉及社会史、经济史、文化史等多个领域。它的跨学科方法允许对研究的共同领域进行批判性评估，包括道德经济、政治消费主义、社会运动和消费史的研究。这项分析将基于档案文件，旨在重新评估抵制历史。它通过专注于实施特定抵制的社会运动以及相关的政治和消费主义影响来做到这一点，从而弥合了这些领域现有的研究空白，并打开了对20世纪经济史的新视角。

Focusing on consumer boycotts in Germany since the late 19th century, this project analyses their effects on the implementation of ethical values and political aims in capitalist markets. Boycotts are understood as campaigns in which activists ask customers to abstain from purchasing certain commodities or services, or to avoid supporting a particular company. Hence, boycotts rely on civic activism. This project will describe boycotts as a special form of consumer activism from the activists' point of view and thus contribute to the study of social movements.In particular, an analysis of the strategies used by boycott activists allows conclusions concerning the social conditions of their actions as they always act within specific social environments. The choice of boycott targets, campaign tactics and political aims can be understood as an expression of particular social structures. Therefore, discussion of the historical evolution of boycotts provides a chance to understand the development of prevailing social circumstances over a long period of time. This concerns economic structural changes as well as political shifts and transformations in the realm of media coverage. Moreover, the project brings into focus the impact of different boycott campaigns. By considering how far boycott activists were able to influence market structures by way of certain moral ideals, the project demonstrates the social embeddedness of collective market action. Finally, the project also contributes to the study of morality in its historical dimension because it analyses the changing moral and ethical goals of boycott activists. As such, this research project participates in the fields of social history, economic history, and cultural history. Its interdisciplinary approach allows for a critical evaluation of common fields on research, including research on moral economy, political consumerism, social movements and the history of consumption. The analysis will be based on archival documents and aims at a reappraisal of the history of boycotts. It does so by focusing on the social movements that carried out particular boycotts and on the related political and consumerist implications, thereby closing existing research gaps in these fields and opening new perspectives on the economic history of the 20th century.