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RUI: Discrete States of Wakefulness in Human Subjects and their Relevance to Memory

RUI：人类受试者的离散清醒状态及其与记忆的相关性

基本信息

批准号：
1849026
负责人：
Erin Wamsley
金额：
$ 52.76万
依托单位：
Furman University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1849026&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RUI Discrete States Wakefulness Human

项目摘要

'Zoning out' during our daily tasks is typically considered a waste of time, as when an inattentive student daydreams during a lecture. But to the contrary, moments of inattention to our surroundings may be essential to the formation of memory. This project will test the hypothesis that even when we seem to be sitting still and doing nothing, the mind and brain are continuously switching between two distinct states - one in which we are focused on processing our immediate external environment (an 'online' state), and another during which we ignore our immediate surroundings and turn our attention toward internally generated activity, including thinking of the past and planning for the future (an 'offline' state). This project tests the hypothesis that the early stages of memory processing occur specifically during moments of this offline state, interspersed throughout our day. By developing new methods of measuring these waking states and their function, this work will help to move us toward a more accurate understanding of wakefulness as an oscillation between distinct processing modes that are essential for the formation and retention of long-term memories. As a part of NSF's RUI (Research in Undergraduate Institutions) program, this project will also provide high-quality research training for approximately 12 undergraduate students across the course of 3 years, including members of underrepresented minority groups and students from underserved public high schools in South Carolina.Studies of human memory have typically treated wakefulness as a homogenous state. But to the contrary, moment-to-moment alternation between online attention to the current environment and offline attention to internally generated thought and imagery may be a fundamental feature of the waking state, occurring even in the absence of a directed cognitive task. Although we all experience such attentional fluctuations throughout the day, the structure and function of these short bouts of offline time remain almost entirely unknown. The objective of the current project is to model this temporal microstructure of wakefulness in human subjects, assessing the functional relevance of fluctuation between online and offline attentional states to memory processing. The central hypothesis is that the early stages of memory consolidation occur specifically during these offline moments interspersed throughout the day. This hypothesis is based in part on the researcher's preliminary data describing features of these proposed states of wakefulness using simultaneous high-density EEG, pupillometry, behavioral, and subjective report measures. To test the hypotheses, the research team will pursue two specific aims. Aim 1 will model the transition between online and offline waking states at seconds-level temporal resolution, using simultaneous high-density EEG, pupillometry, behavioral, and subjective report measures. Aim 2 will assess the contribution of spontaneous offline time to memory consolidation. Together, these studies will test the novel hypothesis that a fast-timescale alternation between online and offline attentional states is essential for memory consolidation to occur. This work thus challenges the traditional view of wakefulness as a unified state, instead describing wake as an oscillation between statistically discriminable cortical states, each with different cognitive functions. We anticipate that this work will lead to two main scientific advances. First, this project will develop a new, data-driven model of the alternation between waking states in human subjects. The classification algorithms to be developed will allow future investigators to more easily and objectively detect and measure offline time, while providing a uniquely comprehensive description of the heterogeneous structure of wakefulness. Second, the project will test the relevance of fluctuation between waking states to memory consolidation, resolving a continued uncertainty in the field of memory research regarding the brain state(s) during which consolidation occurs, and the timescale(s) on which it operates. Finally, as a part of NSF's RUI (Research in Undergraduate Institutions) program, this project will also strengthen the undergraduate STEM pipeline in an underserved region of the country, providing high-quality research training to approximately 12 undergraduate students, including members of underrepresented minorities and local high school students in South Carolina.This project is jointly funded by the Perception Action & Cognition Program, the Cognitive Neuroscience Program, and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在我们的日常工作中“走神”通常被认为是浪费时间，就像一个注意力不集中的学生在上课时做白日梦一样。但恰恰相反，不注意周围环境的瞬间可能对记忆的形成至关重要。这个项目将测试这样一个假设，即即使当我们看起来坐着不动，什么都不做的时候，思想和大脑也在不断地在两种不同的状态之间切换——一种状态是我们专注于处理眼前的外部环境（一种“在线”状态），另一种状态是我们忽略眼前的环境，把注意力转向内部产生的活动，包括思考过去和计划未来（一种“离线”状态）。这个项目测试了一个假设，即记忆处理的早期阶段特别发生在这种离线状态的时刻，散布在我们的一天中。通过开发测量这些清醒状态及其功能的新方法，这项工作将有助于我们更准确地理解清醒是形成和保持长期记忆所必需的不同处理模式之间的振荡。作为美国国家科学基金会本科院校研究项目的一部分，该项目还将在3年的时间里为大约12名本科生提供高质量的研究培训，其中包括代表性不足的少数群体成员和来自南卡罗来纳州服务不足的公立高中的学生。对人类记忆的研究通常将清醒视为一种同质状态。但与此相反，在线对当前环境的关注和离线对内部产生的思想和图像的关注之间的时刻交替可能是清醒状态的一个基本特征，即使在没有定向认知任务的情况下也会发生。尽管我们每天都会经历这样的注意力波动，但这些短暂的离线时间的结构和功能几乎是完全未知的。当前项目的目标是模拟人类受试者清醒的时间微观结构，评估在线和离线注意状态之间波动与记忆处理的功能相关性。核心假设是，记忆巩固的早期阶段特别发生在这些分散在一天中的离线时刻。这一假设部分基于研究人员使用同时高密度脑电图、瞳孔测量、行为和主观报告测量来描述这些提出的清醒状态特征的初步数据。为了验证这些假设，研究小组将追求两个具体目标。目标1将使用同时进行的高密度脑电图、瞳孔测量、行为和主观报告测量，以秒级时间分辨率模拟在线和离线清醒状态之间的转换。目的2将评估自发性离线时间对记忆巩固的贡献。总之，这些研究将验证一个新的假设，即在线和离线注意力状态之间的快速时间尺度交替对记忆巩固的发生至关重要。因此，这项研究挑战了清醒是一种统一状态的传统观点，而是将清醒描述为统计上可区分的皮层状态之间的振荡，每种状态都具有不同的认知功能。我们预计这项工作将导致两个主要的科学进步。首先，这个项目将开发一种新的、数据驱动的人类受试者清醒状态交替模型。待开发的分类算法将允许未来的研究人员更容易和客观地检测和测量离线时间，同时提供对觉醒异构结构的独特综合描述。其次，该项目将测试清醒状态之间波动与记忆巩固的相关性，解决记忆研究领域关于巩固发生时的大脑状态及其运作的时间尺度的持续不确定性。最后，作为美国国家科学基金会本科院校研究（RUI）项目的一部分，该项目还将加强该国服务不足地区的本科STEM管道，为大约12名本科生提供高质量的研究培训，其中包括代表性不足的少数民族和南卡罗来纳州当地的高中生。该项目由感知行动与认知项目、认知神经科学项目和促进竞争研究的既定项目（EPSCoR）共同资助。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。