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Ecological determinants and arboreal feeding positional behaviors in Pan troglodytes, with implications for hominoid evolution

泛穴居动物的生态决定因素和树栖进食位置行为，对类人猿进化的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1850328
负责人：
Laura MacLatchy
金额：
$ 20.8万
依托单位：
Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-05-15 至 2024-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1850328&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Ecological determinants arboreal feeding positional

项目摘要

Humans and apes have unique skeletal features that distinguish them from the rest of the animal kingdom and contribute to a high degree of locomotor versatility. The reason these features evolved is uncertain, however, they are thought to have helped the ancestors of apes and humans to search for food in trees. This project will examine ape locomotion in differing environments in the wild, including forests, woodlands and grasslands, and while feeding on a variety of foods, to determine the circumstances during which distinctive anatomical features are used while foraging. The findings of this study will help to determine why apes and humans evolved features such as an upright torso and mobile shoulders, arms and hands. This project will support the education of women and underrepresented groups at all levels of education - elementary through graduate school - through students' direct involvement in the creation of science education material. The outreach in this project creates cross-cultural connections and increases the quality of science education. Students in the U.S. and at the international research site will help create science education outreach materials and contribute research and conservation virtual content for a National Museum exhibit on ape and human evolution. Scientific findings will be shared through article publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at professional meetings.Hominoids are distinguished by an upright torso and versatile locomotion. It is hypothesized that such versatility evolved to feed on ripe fruit in the forest canopy, since that is what living apes tend to do. However, recent fossil discoveries show that the earliest apes to display advanced anatomical features, such as an upright torso, fed on leaves and fruit in a partially open environment. To determine how locomotor versatility relates to foraging behavior, the living ape with the broadest habitat preference, the chimpanzee, will be studied. The central question of this research is: How does variation in arboreal habitat structure, and variation in food type and location, correlate with arboreal positional behavior in woodland and forest chimpanzees? This question will be addressed using video capture and observational data on chimpanzee positional behavior in different habitats. Linear models will be employed on observational data to explore the relationship between positional modes and contextual variables. Kinematic data will be extracted from limb excursions in video footage and analyzed to determine if positional performance is correlated with ecological and individual variables, and whether excursions are greatest for those behaviors that rely on the advanced anatomical features of interest. Studying chimpanzee movement in multiple contexts and habitats will assist in predicting why hominoids evolved innovative positional behaviors and why early hominins transitioned to a less arboreal existence.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类和猿类具有独特的骨骼特征，使它们有别于其他动物王国，并有助于高度的运动多样性。这些特征进化的原因尚不确定，但它们被认为帮助猿和人类的祖先在树上寻找食物。该项目将研究猿类在野外不同环境中的运动，包括森林、林地和草地，以及在以各种食物为食时，以确定在觅食时使用独特解剖特征的情况。这项研究的发现将有助于确定为什么猿和人类进化出直立的躯干和移动的肩膀、手臂和手等特征。该项目将通过学生直接参与科学教材的编写，支持妇女和代表性不足的群体接受各级教育-从小学到研究生院。该项目的推广活动建立了跨文化联系，提高了科学教育的质量。美国和国际研究中心的学生将帮助创建科学教育宣传材料，并为国家博物馆关于猿和人类进化的展览贡献研究和保护虚拟内容。科学发现将通过在同行评审的期刊上发表文章和在专业会议上发表演讲来分享。据推测，这种多功能性是进化而来的，以森林树冠中成熟的水果为食，因为这是现存的猿类倾向于做的事情。然而，最近的化石发现表明，最早的猿类显示出先进的解剖特征，如直立的躯干，在部分开放的环境中以树叶和水果为食。为了确定运动的多样性与觅食行为之间的关系，我们将研究具有最广泛栖息地偏好的猿类，即黑猩猩。这项研究的中心问题是：如何在树栖栖息地结构的变化，以及食物类型和位置的变化，与林地和森林黑猩猩的树栖位置行为的相关性？这个问题将使用视频捕捉和观察数据在不同的栖息地黑猩猩的位置行为来解决。线性模型将采用观测数据，探讨位置模式和上下文变量之间的关系。将从视频片段中的肢体偏移提取运动学数据，并进行分析，以确定位置性能是否与生态和个体变量相关，以及偏移是否最大，这些行为依赖于感兴趣的高级解剖特征。研究黑猩猩在多种环境和栖息地中的运动将有助于预测为什么类人猿进化出创新的位置行为，以及为什么早期人类过渡到不那么树栖的存在。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。