RAPID: Well and Profitable during Pacific Northwest Fires: modeling I-O air pollution measured by fine and ultra-fine particulate matters

RAPID：西北太平洋火灾期间盈利良好：通过细颗粒物和超细颗粒物测量的 I-O 空气污染建模

• 批准号: 1852995
• 负责人: Amy Kim
• 金额: $ 10.63万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-15 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1852995&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Well; Profitable; during; Pacific

Part 1: As of August 2018, 110 large forest fires exist in western Washington. State health officials have designated many consecutive days of unhealthy air quality in the Puget Sound area. One of the primary health concerns of forest fire smoke is with microscopic particulate matter (PM-25) that can enter the bloodstream. While this health impact is known, we do not have a good understanding of how indoor air quality is impacted by infiltration of high PM-25 outdoor air quality during infrequent periods of massive forest fire outbreaks. This proposal takes advantage of a limited window of opportunity for obtaining data on the indoor and outdoor air quality in the Puget Sound region home to 3.7 million residents. The research will measure PM-25 in locations impacted by the massive forest fire outbreak, coupled with intensive studies of four building in the region to address fundamental questions about how people can stay healthier indoors during the wildfire season, and how businesses can better support employee health. Part 2: The objectives of this proposal are to develop a comprehensive collection of fine and ultrafine particulate matter data in both indoor and outdoor locations near a massive wildfire outbreak, conduct a case-study-based field experimentation of air quality in office buildings with known air handling operations, and understand how worker health and the success and profitability of organizations are impacted by episodic forest fires. Air quality data will be collected by handheld equipment and regression analyses will be performed using the measured indoor and outdoor particulate matter concentrations. A recursive model will be adapted to calculate the infiltration factor for various particulate matter concentrations. Principal component analysis will be used to help identify probable sources that produce various indoor particulates. Potential psychological tolls will be both quantitatively and qualitatively assessed by questionnaires measuring perceived productivity, controllability of indoor air quality, and environmental trust. Correlational and content analyses, as well as paired-sample t-tests, will reveal associations between these variables during times of poor air quality and compare them against times of baseline air quality. This topic is significant for several reasons. First, the absence of a nationwide monitoring network to track ultrafine particulates has hampered the research community in developing robust health studies of these particles. Second, an information asymmetry exists between indoor and outdoor air pollution levels. Indeed, the sole measure of ambient outdoor fine particulate matter paints an incomplete picture of total exposure to air pollution. Third, while studies on mental health responses to natural disasters exist, the subtle psychological tolls from discomfort (e.g., headaches, scratchy throat, limited outdoor activities) experienced during a secondary-disaster (e.g., deterioration of air quality in neighboring regions of the wildfire zone) are seldom discussed. This proposal provides an opportunity for a naturalistic field study; results can be used to compare to other laboratory and experimental studies. Office buildings in the United States represent over 50 percent of existing commercial building stock by number and total square footage. Scholarly data are not available about the infiltration of fine and ultrafine particles in work environments. This research will fill a data void concerning needed information on the infiltration of fine and ultrafine particles in work environments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

第一部分：截至2018年8月，华盛顿州西部发生110起大型森林火灾。州卫生官员已经指定普吉特湾地区连续多天空气质量不健康。森林火灾烟雾的主要健康问题之一是可以进入血液的微小颗粒物(PM-25)。虽然这种对健康的影响是已知的，但我们还没有很好地了解在罕见的大规模森林火灾爆发期间，高PM-25室外空气质量是如何影响室内空气质量的。这项建议利用了获得普吉特湾地区室内和室外空气质量数据的有限机会窗口，普吉特湾地区拥有370万居民。这项研究将测量受大规模森林火灾爆发影响的地点的PM-25，并对该地区的四座建筑进行密集研究，以解决人们如何在野火季节保持室内更健康，以及企业如何更好地支持员工健康的基本问题。第2部分：该提案的目标是全面收集大规模野火爆发附近的室内和室外地点的细颗粒物和超细颗粒物数据，对已知空气处理操作的写字楼的空气质量进行基于案例研究的现场实验，并了解时不时发生的森林火灾如何影响工人健康以及组织的成功和盈利能力。空气质量数据将通过手持设备收集，并将使用测量的室内和室外颗粒物浓度进行回归分析。将采用递归模型来计算不同颗粒物浓度的渗透系数。主成分分析将被用来帮助识别产生各种室内颗粒物的可能来源。潜在的心理通行费将通过测量感知生产率、室内空气质量的可控性和环境信任度的问卷进行定量和定性评估。相关分析和含量分析以及配对样本t检验将揭示空气质量较差时期这些变量之间的关联，并将它们与基线空气质量时期进行比较。这个话题之所以重要，有几个原因。首先，缺乏一个全国性的监测网络来追踪超细颗粒物，这阻碍了研究界对这些颗粒物进行强有力的健康研究。其次，室内和室外空气污染水平之间存在信息不对称。事实上，室外环境中细颗粒物的唯一衡量标准描绘了一幅总暴露在空气污染中的不完整图景。第三，虽然有关于自然灾害的心理健康反应的研究，但在次生灾害(例如，野火区邻近地区的空气质量恶化)期间，由于不适(例如，头痛、喉咙沙哑、户外活动有限)而产生的微妙的心理负担很少被讨论。这一建议为自然主义的实地研究提供了机会；结果可用于与其他实验室和实验研究进行比较。按数量和总面积计算，美国的写字楼占现有商业建筑存量的50%以上。没有关于工作环境中细颗粒物和超细颗粒物渗透的学术数据。这项研究将填补有关工作环境中细颗粒物和超细颗粒物渗透所需信息的数据空白。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Impact of Office Modernization on Environmental Satisfaction: A Naturalistic Field Study

办公室现代化对环境满意度的影响：自然主义实地研究

• DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2020.00058
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Frontiers in Built Environment
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Kim, Amy;Wang, Shuoqi;McCunn, Lindsay;Sadatsafavi, Hessam
• 通讯作者: Sadatsafavi, Hessam

Indoor and Outdoor Concentrations of Particulate Matter in an Airport Terminal Building: A Pilot Study at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Indonesia

• DOI: 10.3390/buildings10020025
• 发表时间: 2020-02-01
• 期刊: BUILDINGS
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Kim, Amy;Medal, Lysandra;Larson, Timothy
• 通讯作者: Larson, Timothy