Collaborative Research: Topographic Influences on Extreme Warm-Season Precipitation

合作研究:地形对极端暖季降水的影响

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1854399
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 36.33万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2019-08-01 至 2024-07-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Extreme rainfall affects millions of people globally, yet our understanding and forecast skill of this high-impact weather phenomenon is limited. The Prediction of Rainfall Extremes Campaign in the Pacific (PRECIP, May-August 2020) field campaign aims to improve understanding of the multi-scale processes important for generating extreme rainfall in the moisture-rich environment of Taiwan and the western North Pacific. The overarching PRECIP hypothesis is that extreme rainfall results from an optimal combination of multi-scale ingredients in a moisture-rich environment, but different key ingredients and processes lead to strong vertical forcing and high rainfall intensity, strong horizontal forcing and long duration, or a mixture of both intense and sustained precipitation.Intellectual Merit:This project focuses on orographic influences on extreme rainfall, using a unique combination of radar and radiosonde observations on both sides of Taiwan's Central Mountain Range (CMR) to determine the role of steep terrain in enhancing both intensity and duration of rainfall through a combination of thermodynamic, dynamic, kinematic, and microphysical processes. The overall hypothesis is that terrain enhances both intensity and duration of extreme rainfall through increasing the magnitude of ingredients needed to produce heavy rainfall. In addition to promoting lifting and concentrating moisture, terrain modifies rainfall intensity and duration through changes in microphysical processes. In the subtropical environment of Taiwan, efficient warm-rain processes can produce high intensity convective rainfall, while ice-based processes become increasingly important for long-duration events dominated by stratiform precipitation. Additionally, results from TiMREX 2008 suggest that upslope tilting of relatively shallow convection along Taiwan's CMR can promote growth of precipitation-sized ice. Subsequent cold-pool generation leads to continuous growth of cells upstream and prolongs the duration of rainfall events along the CMR. PRECIP offers the opportunity to further explore the role of terrain, including the influence on microphysical processes, in producing extreme rainfall for a wide variety of events, both on the western slopes and along the data-sparse east coast of Taiwan. To test the above hypotheses, the study will use a combination of PRECIP data from multi-frequency dual-polarization Doppler radars (S-PolKa, SEA-POL), radiosondes, and models to explore terrain-influenced processes for diurnally-forced convection, mesoscale convective systems embedded within the Meiyu front, and tropical cyclones.Broader Impacts:An important broader goal of this investigation is to determine which of the key ingredients and processes identified for Taiwan extreme rainfall events are also relevant to orographic precipitation in other environments or locations. The team of three early-career female scientists brings a wealth of knowledge of observational field projects and terrain-influenced precipitation studies spanning a variety of global regimes, including warm-season rainfall in the Sierra Madre Occidentals, CMR, Andes, Rockies, and Himalayas, typical trade-wind flow, a tropical cyclone passing over Dominica, and cold-season rainfall over the Olympics. PRECIP will give an opportunity to investigate a wide variety of rain-producing events, both the windward and leeward sides of the mountain range. The findings from this project will have the potential to provide an updated understanding of extreme rainfall globally by building off an ingredients-based framework through unprecedented data collected in a wide variety of heavy rain events.This project is jointly funded by the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) and PREEVENTS, Prediction of and Resilience against Extreme Events program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
极端降雨影响全球数百万人,但我们对这种高影响天气现象的理解和预测技能有限。太平洋极端降雨预报运动(PREP,2020年5月至8月)实地活动旨在加深对台湾和西北太平洋湿度丰富环境中产生极端降雨的多尺度过程的了解。最重要的PREP假设是,极端降雨是在水分丰富的环境中多尺度成分的最佳组合,但不同的关键成分和过程导致强烈的垂直强迫和高降雨强度,强烈的水平强迫和长时间的降水,或者强烈和持续降水的混合。智力优势:本项目专注于地形对极端降雨的影响,使用台湾中央山脉(CMR)两侧的雷达和无线电探空观测的独特组合,通过热力学、动力学、运动学和微物理过程的组合来确定陡峭地形在增强降雨强度和持续时间方面的作用。总体假设是,地形通过增加产生暴雨所需成分的大小,提高了极端降雨的强度和持续时间。除了促进提升和集中水分外,地形还通过微物理过程的变化来改变降雨强度和持续时间。在台湾的副热带环境中,有效的暖雨过程可以产生高强度的对流降水,而冰基过程对于以层状降水为主的长时间事件变得越来越重要。此外,TiMREX 2008的结果表明,沿台湾CMR相对较浅的对流向上倾斜可以促进降水量大小的冰的增长。随后的冷池产生导致了上游单体的持续生长,并延长了沿CMR的降雨事件的持续时间。PREP提供了进一步探索地形作用的机会,包括对微物理过程的影响,在台湾西坡和数据稀少的东海岸为各种事件产生极端降雨的过程中。为了验证上述假设,本研究将结合多频双极化多普勒雷达(S-波尔卡,SEA-POL)、无线电探空仪和模式的资料,探讨地形对日强迫对流、梅雨锋内中尺度对流系统和热带气旋的影响过程。更广泛的影响:本次调查的一个重要的更广泛的目标是确定台湾极端降雨事件的关键成分和过程中的哪些也与其他环境或地区的地形降水有关。由三名职业生涯早期的女科学家组成的团队带来了丰富的实地观测项目知识和地形影响的降水研究,涵盖了各种全球制度,包括马德雷西部山脉、CMR、安第斯山脉、落基山脉和喜马拉雅山脉的暖季降雨、典型的信风气流、途经多米尼加的热带气旋,以及奥运会期间的冷季降雨。PREP将提供一个机会来调查各种各样的降雨事件,包括山脉的迎风和背风两侧。这个项目的发现将有可能通过从各种暴雨事件中收集前所未有的数据来建立一个基于成分的框架,从而提供对全球极端降雨的最新理解。该项目由既定的激励竞争研究计划(EPSCoR)和PREEVENTS极端事件预测和抵御计划共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Quasi‐2‐Day and Diurnal Cloud Variation Timescales Over Convectively Active Regions
The Synoptically-Influenced Extreme Precipitation Systems over Asian-Austrailian Monsoon Region from TRMM PR Measurements
TRMM PR 测量中亚洲-澳大利亚季风区受天气影响的极端降水系统
The Synoptically-Influenced Extreme Precipitation Systems over Asian-Australian Monsoon Region observed by TRMM Precipitation Radar
TRMM降水雷达观测亚澳季风区受天气影响的极端降水系统
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Kristen Rasmussen其他文献

Sky-High Safety? A Qualitative Study of Physicians’ Experiences of Patient Safety in Norwegian Helicopter Emergency Services
高安全性?对挪威直升机紧急服务中医生患者安全经验的定性研究
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.2
  • 作者:
    Kristen Rasmussen;Stephen Jm Sollid;M. Kvangarsnes
  • 通讯作者:
    M. Kvangarsnes
Apples and oranges in HEMS – Do we know what we compare?
OP040: Clinical validation of tagmentation-based genome sequencing for germline disorders
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.gim.2022.01.588
  • 发表时间:
    2022-03-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Heidi Sellers;Mariam Stein;Pratyush Tandale;Jiayu Tan;Rohit Setlem;Yuta Sakai;Numrah Fadra;Carlos Sosa;Shawn McClelland;Sarah Barnett;Kristen Rasmussen;Cassandra Runke;Stephanie Smoley;Emma Katzmann;Lori Tillmans;Cherisse Marcou;Ross Rowsey;Erik Thorland;Nicole Boczek;Hutton Kearney
  • 通讯作者:
    Hutton Kearney
The HEMS Medical Crew Survey
Training and assessment of non-technical skills in Norwegian helicopter emergency services: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study
挪威直升机应急服务非技术技能的培训和评估:横断面和纵向研究

Kristen Rasmussen的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Kristen Rasmussen', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: Mesoscale Predictability Across Climate Regimes
合作研究:跨气候机制的中尺度可预测性
  • 批准号:
    2312317
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 36.33万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Convective Upscale Growth Processes during RELAMPAGO
合作研究:RELAMPAGO 期间的对流高档增长过程
  • 批准号:
    2146709
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 36.33万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
IRES Track II: Advanced Study Institute: Field Studies of Convection in Argentina
IRES Track II:高级研究所:阿根廷对流的实地研究
  • 批准号:
    1828935
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 36.33万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Radar Observations of Convective Lifecycle near Argentina's Sierras de Cordoba
合作研究:阿根廷科尔多瓦山脉附近对流生命周期的雷达观测
  • 批准号:
    1661657
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 36.33万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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