Collaborative Proposal: Linking process to pattern through an experimental network approach to identify the behavioral mechanisms of reproductive isolation

合作提案：通过实验网络方法将过程与模式联系起来，以确定生殖隔离的行为机制

• 批准号: 1856254
• 负责人: Iris Levin
• 金额: $ 20.51万
• 依托单位: Kenyon College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1856254&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Linking; process; pattern

Animals frequently interact with members of their own and closely related species in non-random ways that have profound implications for evolution within and between populations, including the buildup or breakdown of genetic differences. Closely related subspecies often come into contact and interbreed, or, hybridize. This research will experimentally study how social interactions (networks), morphological traits, genomic ancestry, and migratory behavior explain the amount of interbreeding in two contact zones each consisting of two pairs of barn swallow subspecies that differ in degree of hybridization. The integration of observation and experiments in the wild with genomic analyses will allow for a direct test of how individual behaviors impact hybridization. The research uses miniaturized proximity loggers and network analytical methods to measure the frequency of interactions between individual swallows. Data collection will be accomplished through extensive student training and international collaboration. The use, visualization, and interpretation of social networks will be broadly disseminated through 1) conference presentations, workshops, and publications, 2) integrated into courses, 3) public release of code for new network analysis methods and 4) online dynamic interactive visualizations of research data with exercises and assessment tools. This work represents a highly novel and integrative approach to understanding how closely related populations evolve into different species, with important implications for biodiversity and conservation studies.Assortative behaviors (non-random social interactions) are thought to represent critical barriers to gene flow among recently diverged animal taxa. However, direct measurement of assortative behavior in nature is rarely possible. This research leverages the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) subspecies complex to experimentally examine the contribution of assortative behavior to reproductive isolation in two hybrid zones between subspecies pairs that differ in evolutionary history. The following will be collected from each hybrid zone: 1) close-range social interactions from proximity tags to construct social networks, 2) fine-scale genomic information to measure individual ancestry, 3) wintering locations, migratory routes and timing of arrival data from geolocators and stable isotopes, 4) measures of morphological variation, and 5) data for molecular paternity analyses to construct fertilization networks based on within- and extra-pair matings as a direct measure of hybridization between subspecies. The construction of fertilization networks will enable analyses about the degree to which hybridization is mediated by social interactions, subspecific ancestry, migratory behavior, or morphology. These features are likely correlated with one another and their combined and relative importance in reproductive isolation will be analyzed using matrix regression methods. After collecting correlative data from each hybrid zone, experimental manipulations of phenotype and timing of breeding will be conducted to test for causal relationships between these traits and fertilizations, providing an extremely rare opportunity to experimentally test and manipulate predictors of hybridization. These comparisons offer the previously intractable opportunity to experimentally analyze how individual-level variation predicts reproductive decisions and the degree to which populations hybridize.This award was co-funded by Behavioral Systems in the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems and Evolutionary Processes in the Division of Environmental Biology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

动物经常以非随机的方式与它们自己和密切相关的物种的成员互动，这对种群内部和种群之间的进化具有深远的影响，包括遗传差异的建立或分解。亲缘关系密切的亚种经常接触并杂交，或杂交。这项研究将通过实验研究社会互动(网络)、形态特征、基因组祖先和迁徙行为如何解释两个接触区的杂交数量，每个接触区由两对杂交程度不同的谷仓燕子亚种组成。将野外观察和实验与基因组分析相结合，将允许直接测试个体行为如何影响杂交。这项研究使用微型近距离记录仪和网络分析方法来测量个体燕子之间相互作用的频率。数据收集将通过广泛的学生培训和国际合作来完成。社交网络的使用、可视化和解释将通过1)会议演示、研讨会和出版物，2)整合到课程中，3)公开发布新的网络分析方法的代码，以及4)通过练习和评估工具在线动态交互可视化研究数据，来广泛传播。这项工作代表了一种高度新颖和综合的方法来理解密切相关的种群如何进化成不同的物种，对生物多样性和保护研究具有重要意义。吸收行为(非随机社会相互作用)被认为是最近分化的动物类群中基因流动的关键障碍。然而，直接测量自然界中的分类行为几乎是不可能的。这项研究利用谷仓燕子(Hirundo Rustica)亚种复合体，在进化历史上不同的亚种对之间的两个杂交区，通过实验检验了分类行为对生殖隔离的贡献。将从每个杂交区收集以下信息：1)来自邻近标签的近距离社会互动以构建社会网络，2)精细基因组信息以衡量个体祖先，3)来自地理定位器和稳定同位素的越冬地点、迁徙路线和到达时间的数据，4)形态变异的测量，以及5)用于分子父子关系分析的数据，以基于配对内配对和配对外配对构建受精网络，作为亚种间杂交的直接测量。受精网络的构建将使人们能够分析杂交在多大程度上受到社会互动、亚种祖先、迁徙行为或形态的影响。这些特征可能是相互关联的，它们在生殖隔离中的组合和相对重要性将使用矩阵回归方法进行分析。在从每个杂交区域收集相关数据后，将进行表型和繁殖时机的实验操作，以测试这些性状与受精之间的因果关系，这为实验测试和操作杂交预测因子提供了极其难得的机会。这些比较提供了一个以前难以处理的机会来实验分析个体水平的差异如何预测生殖决定和种群杂交的程度。该奖项由环境生物学部门整合组织系统和进化过程部门的行为系统共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Brood size is associated with apparent telomere lengthening in nestling barn swallows

• DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05375-0
• 发表时间: 2023-04-23
• 期刊: OECOLOGIA
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Voirin，Charlie J.;Tsunekage，Toshi;Levin，Iris I.
• 通讯作者: Levin，Iris I.

Correlated evolution of eggshell maculation with social breeding and nest type in Hirundinidae

燕雀科蛋壳斑纹与社会繁殖及巢型的相关演化

• DOI: 10.1111/ibi.13118
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Ibis
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Levin, Iris I.;Kaufman, Stephanie L.;Knaysi, Sophia E.;Rataezyk, Olivia G.
• 通讯作者: Rataezyk, Olivia G.

High within-clutch repeatability of eggshell phenotype in Barn Swallows despite less maculated last-laid eggs

• DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukac024
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Ornithology
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Ava-Rose F Beech;M. C. Santos;Emily B. Smith;Ben W Berejka;Yujie Liu;T. Tsunekage;Iris I. Levin