W-Band High Efficiency Power Amplifier in CMOS-Technologie

在建议的项目中，打算开发一个覆盖整个W波段的集成高效率宽带功率放大器（BBPA）。一个32纳米CMOS工艺被预见的PA的制造。所提出的高效BBPA属于毫米波频率超高数据速率通信系统中最具挑战性的组件。我们的建议是在与TUHH，Jacob教授的密切协调和合作下建立的。TUHH提案的重点是宽带圆极化天线以及随后将我们的CMOS PA集成到系统级封装中，该系统级封装构成了集成Wband发射机的基础。一个低成本的3D集成工艺应该用于集成和封装的CMOS PA与喇叭天线为基础的阵列集成transmitter.Behind我们共同的项目理念是认识到，实现一个高效率的发射前端在100 GHz及以上的主要问题是片上功率合成损耗。使用阵列天线的自由空间组合是一个非常有趣的替代方案来克服这个问题。CMOS功率放大器应该基于差分设计，输出端没有巴伦。相反，应当应用具有差分馈电端口（例如，偶极子、脊波导）的天线元件。该方案可以避免单端设计的源极电感和输出巴伦的损耗，并通过采用叠层晶体管来提高功率放大器的输出功率和效率。堆叠晶体管单元是电压合成器，可以提高输出阻抗，从而降低电流损耗。该项目的最终目标是一个高效的集成W波段发射模块，由功率放大器和单或双圆极化天线或小型天线阵列（例如2x2）组成。

In the proposed project, the development of an integrated high efficiency broadband power amplifier (BBPA) covering the full W-band is intended. A 32 nm CMOS-process is foreseen for the fabrication of the PA. The proposed highly efficient BBPA is belonging to the most challenging components of ultra-high data rate communication systems at mm-wave frequencies.Our proposal was established in close coordination and collaboration with TUHH, Prof. Jacob. The focus of the TUHH proposal is a wideband circularly polarized antenna and the subsequent integration of our CMOS PA to a system-in-package that forms the fundament for an integrated Wband transmitter. A low-cost 3D integration process should be used for integration and packaging of the CMOS PAs with a horn antenna based array to an integrated transmitter.Behind our common project idea is the awareness, that the major problem concerning the realization of a high efficiency transmitting front-end at and beyond 100 GHz is the on-chip power combining loss. Free space combining using array antennas is a highly interesting alternative to overcome that issue.The CMOS power amplifier should be based on a differential design without balun at the output. Instead, antenna elements with differential feeding ports (e.g. dipoles, ridged waveguides) should be applied. By that concept the source inductance of single ended designs and the loss of the output balun can be avoided at the same time.Output power and efficiency of the PA should be improved by applying stacked transistors. Stacked transistor cells are voltage combiners that enhance the output impedance and hence reduce the current losses.The final goal of the project is a highly efficient integrated W-band transmit module consisting of power amplifier and single or dual circular polarized antenna or small antenna array (e.g. 2x2).