Geodetic Lysimetry: GPS/GNSS observations to measure continuous, time-dependent water mass in mountainous watersheds

大地测量法：GPS/GNSS 观测用于测量山区流域中连续的、随时间变化的水量

• 批准号: 1900646
• 负责人: Payton Gardner
• 金额: $ 48.81万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1900646&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Geodetic; Lysimetry; GPS; GNSS; observations

Every winter, water is stored in the mountains as snow. This snow feeds streams and rivers as it melts. Measuring the amount of water stored and drained in the mountains is very difficult, but it is important for predicting water available to humans and the environment. Recently, scientists have observed that the weight of the water collected during winter pushes the surface of the earth down, and that the surface rebounds as the water drains out. Highly accurate, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) measure these changes to the Earth's surface. This project measures the up and down movement of the earth to estimate the volume of water stored in the mountains. GPS stations are installed in the mountains of Idaho and Montana to measure the up and down movement of the Earth. Snow depth and water content are also measured. These data determine the best methods for calculating the amount of water in the mountains. Approximately 100 undergraduate students are trained during immersive learning experiences in summer classes. In regions of substantial topographic relief, the water loading and unloading is highly heterogeneous due to nonlinear feedbacks among weather, landscape morphology, and water exchange among terrestrial reservoirs. This project tests techniques for removing long wavelength regional hydrologic load and downscales geodetic water loading to 10-100 km. A network of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and weather stations are installed across a watershed in northern Idaho and western Montana. High-precision observations of the watershed hydrologic load using a combination of field and remotely sensed measurements is used to constrain the local hydrologic load independent of GPS measurements. The project tests the spatial and temporal sensitivity of GPS observations, and investigates time constants for different loading and unloading mechanisms including: snowpack dynamics, surface runoff, shallow and deep groundwater flux, and evapotranspiration. The quantitative methods produced here facilitate advances in the basic understanding of watershed function as well as produce new tools for monitoring hydrologic resources. Undergraduates are trained in field geophysics and data Integration courses. This project is jointly funded by the Hydrologic Sciences, Geophysics, and Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) programs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

每年冬天，水都会以雪的形式储存在山区。当雪融化时，它会滋养溪流和河流。测量山脉中储存和排出的水量是非常困难的，但它对于预测人类和环境的可用水量非常重要。最近，科学家们观察到，冬季收集的水的重量会将地球表面推低，并且随着水的排出，地表会反弹。高精度的全球定位系统(GPS)测量地球表面的这些变化。这个项目测量地球的上下运动，以估计山脉中的蓄水量。GPS站安装在爱达荷州和蒙大拿州的山区，以测量地球的上下运动。还测量了积雪深度和水分含量。这些数据决定了计算山区水量的最佳方法。大约100名本科生在暑期班的沉浸式学习体验中接受培训。在地形起伏较大的地区，由于天气、地貌和陆相水库之间的水交换的非线性反馈，水的加载和卸载具有高度的非均质性。该项目测试了去除长波区域水文负荷的技术，并将大地水负荷降低到10-100公里。全球定位系统(GPS)和气象站的网络安装在爱达荷州北部和蒙大拿州西部的一个分水岭上。利用现场测量和遥感测量相结合的方法对流域水文负荷进行高精度观测，以独立于GPS测量来约束当地的水文负荷。该项目测试GPS观测的空间和时间敏感性，并调查不同加载和卸载机制的时间常数，包括积雪动态、地表径流、浅层和深层地下水通量以及蒸散。这里提出的定量方法促进了对分水岭功能的基本了解，并产生了监测水文资源的新工具。本科生接受野外地球物理和数据集成课程的培训。该项目由水文科学、地球物理和已建立的激励竞争研究计划(EPSCoR)共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Subsurface Water Flux in California's Central Valley and Its Source Watershed From Space Geodesy

空间大地测量学中加州中央山谷的地下水通量及其源流域

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl099583
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Argus, Donald F.;Martens, Hilary R.;Borsa, Adrian A.;Knappe, Ellen;Wiese, David N.;Alam, Sarfaraz;Anderson, Mackenzie;Khatiwada, Ashlesha;Lau, Nicholas;Peidou, Athina
• 通讯作者: Peidou, Athina

Atmospheric pressure loading in GPS positions: dependency on GPS processing methods and effect on assessment of seasonal deformation in the contiguous USA and Alaska

• DOI: 10.1007/s00190-020-01445-w
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Journal of Geodesy
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: H. Martens;D. Argus;C. Norberg;G. Blewitt;T. Herring;A. Moore;W. Hammond;C. Kreemer

Intraplate Seasonal Seismicity in the Northern Rocky Mountains of Montana and Idaho

蒙大拿州和爱达荷州落基山脉北部的板内季节性地震活动

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gl090371
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Perry, M.;Bendick, R.
• 通讯作者: Bendick, R.