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Kinetic Studies of the Relativistic Pinch: A Key to Particle Acceleration in Astrophysical Plasmas

相对论箍缩的动力学研究：天体物理等离子体中粒子加速的关键

基本信息

批准号：
1903335
负责人：
Mitchell Begelman
金额：
$ 74.92万
依托单位：
University of Colorado at Boulder
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1903335&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Kinetic Studies Relativistic Pinch Key

项目摘要

Rapidly flaring gamma-rays and other radiative signals from blazar jets and pulsar wind nebulae indicate that standard models for energy dissipation and particle acceleration in relativistic cosmic plasmas, which invoke shock waves and hydromagnetic diffusion, are probably incorrect. This project uses powerful new computational tools to study a promising alternative: the direct dissipation of magnetic energy through reconnection and turbulence in collisionless relativistic plasmas. The study will explore relativistic particle acceleration and the associated radiation in a much more realistic astrophysical context than the idealized configurations used to obtain encouraging preliminary results. This work will yield insights into the interactions of black holes with their cosmic environments. The innovative approaches to PIC simulation can be applied to a broad range of problems in space physics and laboratory plasmas. There is a range of associated research experiences for undergraduates, as well as support, training and mentorship for a postdoctoral researcher. Contribution to public scientific literacy comes through collaboration with the Fiske Planetarium, using visually arresting graphics and animations from the simulations.Simulations which have started from idealized configurations have shown robust nonthermal particle energy distributions and variability characteristics. The particle distributions correlate with the initial magnetization of the plasma, which is the ratio of magnetic energy density to relativistic plasma enthalpy. Surprisingly, similar correlations develop in systems with different compositions (pairs or electron-ion plasma) and in setups ranging from idealized reconnecting current sheets to three-dimensional driven turbulence. A vertical kinetic study will follow unstable magneto-hydrodynamic pinch configurations through their nonlinear development to the resulting turbulence, reconnection, particle acceleration, and radiation. The well-tested Zeltron radiative Particle-in-Cell (PIC) code, developed by this team and publicly available since 2014, enables a thorough analysis of "kinetic beaming," and a study of the relationships between microscopic kinetic processes and macroscopic features such as secondary flux ropes, current sheets, and bulk flows. State-of-the-art computational tools allow kinetic and radiative plasma phenomena to be related to macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic instability, under relativistic conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

来自blazar喷流和脉冲星风星云的快速闪烁的伽马射线和其他辐射信号表明，相对论宇宙等离子体中的能量耗散和粒子加速的标准模型可能是不正确的，因为相对论宇宙等离子体会引发冲击波和流体磁扩散。该项目使用强大的新计算工具来研究一种有前景的替代方案：在无碰撞的相对论等离子体中，通过重联和湍流直接耗散磁能。这项研究将在比用于获得令人鼓舞的初步结果的理想化构型更现实的天体物理背景下探索相对论粒子加速和相关的辐射。这项工作将对黑洞与其宇宙环境的相互作用产生深刻的见解。PIC模拟的创新方法可以应用于空间物理和实验室等离子体中的广泛问题。本科生有一系列相关的研究经验，以及对博士后研究人员的支持、培训和指导。公众科学素养的贡献来自与菲斯克天文馆的合作，使用从模拟中获得的视觉上引人注目的图形和动画。从理想化配置开始的模拟显示了稳健的非热粒子能量分布和可变性特征。粒子的分布与等离子体的初始磁化强度有关，初始磁化强度是磁能密度与相对论等离子体热焓的比值。令人惊讶的是，在不同组成的系统(对或电子-离子等离子体)和从理想化的重新连接电流片到三维驱动的湍流的设置中，类似的关联都会出现。垂直运动学研究将跟踪不稳定的磁流体力学收缩构型，通过它们的非线性发展到所产生的湍流、重联、粒子加速和辐射。由该团队开发并自2014年开始公开使用的经过良好测试的Zeltron辐射粒子单元(PIC)程序，能够彻底分析“动力学束流”，并研究微观动力学过程与宏观特征(如二次通量绳、电流片和整体流动)之间的关系。最先进的计算工具允许动能和辐射等离子体现象在相对论条件下与宏观磁流体动力学不稳定性有关。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（20）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Relativistic Alfvén Waves Entering Charge-starvation in the Magnetospheres of Neutron Stars

相对论性阿尔芬波在中子星磁层中进入电荷匮乏状态

DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ac59b1
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
Chen, Alexander Y.;Yuan, Yajie;Beloborodov, Andrei M.;Li, Xinyu
通讯作者：
Li, Xinyu

Kinetic simulations of imbalanced turbulence in a relativistic plasma: Net flow and particle acceleration

相对论等离子体中不平衡湍流的动力学模拟：净流和粒子加速

DOI：
10.1093/mnras/stab3209
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Hankla, Amelia M;Zhdankin, Vladimir;Werner, Gregory R;Uzdensky, Dmitri A;Begelman, Mitchell C
通讯作者：
Begelman, Mitchell C

Kinetic turbulence in shining pair plasma: intermittent beaming and thermalization by radiative cooling

DOI：
10.1093/mnras/staa284
发表时间：
2019-08
期刊：
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
V. Zhdankin;D. Uzdensky;G. Werner;M. Begelman
通讯作者：
V. Zhdankin;D. Uzdensky;G. Werner;M. Begelman

Kinetic Simulations of Instabilities and Particle Acceleration in Cylindrical Magnetized Relativistic Jets

圆柱形磁化相对论射流中不稳定性和粒子加速的动力学模拟

DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ac6acd
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
Ortuño-Macías, José;Nalewajko, Krzysztof;Uzdensky, Dmitri A.;Begelman, Mitchell C.;Werner, Gregory R.;Chen, Alexander Y.;Mishra, Bhupendra
通讯作者：
Mishra, Bhupendra

Shock Corrugation to the Rescue of the Internal Shock Model in Microquasars: The Single-scale Magnetohydrodynamic View

激波波纹拯救微类星体的内部激波模型：单尺度磁流体动力学视图