Collaborative Research: Regional hydrologic and vegetation changes over the last 150 kyr in the Searles and Death Valley basins

合作研究：塞尔斯和死亡谷盆地过去 150 公里的区域水文和植被变化

• 批准号: 1903665
• 负责人: Sarah Feakins
• 金额: $ 18.63万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1903665&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Regional; hydrologic; vegetation

The southwestern U.S. is currently experiencing profound water stress and is predicted to face declining water availability in the coming century. Past variations in the abundance of water in this region can be documented from study of ancient lake basins there. This project will produce a reconstruction of water availability, vegetation, and moisture sources in the Searles and Death Valley basins of the southwestern U.S. spanning the last 150,000 years. The researchers will use shoreline deposits from each basin to constrain ancient lake levels. Sediment core records from the centers of each basin will provide paleoclimate information that spans both wet and dry periods. Plant wax preserved in the cores will provide insight into past vegetation changes that reflect variations in moisture sources. Radiometric dating of sediments will give precise ages of environmental changes in the ancient lakes. Lake shoreline ages will be used to interpret past lake volumes in the Searles and Death Valley basins. Collectively, this information will be used to model past river flow and water budgets. This work will also lay the foundation for future development of a continuous 3.2 million-year sediment record from the Searles basin, including past warm periods. This project will train graduate and undergraduate students at 5 institutions. Binghamton University participants will lead field tours to visitors to Death Valley National Park through a partnership with the Death Valley Natural History Association. Outreach at the University of Southern California will involve collaboration with the La Brea Tar Pits Museum and will focus on teaching 4th grade visitors how Pleistocene lakes relate to the museum fossil fauna of the same age. The MIT group will incorporate project findings into climate-themed outreach at the Cambridge Science Festival, Girls' Day at the MIT Museum, and at the New England Aquarium. Researchers from SUNY College at Oswego and Keystone College will incorporate research outcomes into paleoclimate and sustainability courses that reach hundreds of students per year.The southwestern U.S. is a water-stressed region that is projected to experience declining water availability over the coming century. Model projections show substantial disagreement in the regional circulation responses to projected emissions scenarios, with divergent predictions of the magnitude and spatial fingerprint of future drying. Lake records have the potential to offer detailed reconstructions of the hydrological, atmospheric, and vegetation responses to a wide range of forcings and to provide future opportunities to benchmark model performance. Lake records from the Searles and Death Valley basins in southern California show dramatic lake level and vegetation changes over the last 150 kyr, reflecting in part large changes in river flow from the societally-important Owens River system. These records require new analyses to improve imprecise chronologies and refine lake level reconstructions and correlations from these neighboring basins. This project is a multi-faceted reconstruction of past hydrologic and vegetation changes spanning the last 150 kyr in the Searles and Death Valley basins. The researchers will use tufa and other nearshore deposits to constrain lake levels in both basins, and existing and new measurements from a recently collected core, SLAPP-SRLS17 from Searles basin, and core DV93-1, Death Valley, to provide continuous multi-proxy records. Sedimentary structures and textures, evaporite mineralogy and facies, siliciclastic grain size changes, and rock magnetic variations in cores will be used with shoreline constraints to model past hydrologic and lake chemistry changes in Searles basin, providing quantitative constraints on past river inflows and precipitation-evaporation balance. Plant wax delta13C and pollen will provide insight into past vegetation changes, and plant wax deltaD will be used to track changes in moisture source and water vapor history. In both basins, U/Th dating will be used to provide precise age models, with support from 14C and paleomagnetic measurements in Searles Lake deposits. Paleointensity variability and evidence for magnetic field excursions will provide an independent method for dating the SLAPP-SRLS17 core. Together, the two basins will provide replicated, well-dated hydrological and vegetation records using independent approaches to test interpretations of the cave oxygen isotope records from nearby Devils Hole and Leviathan Caves to the northeast. These records will provide a quantitative estimate of the volumetric changes in water storage and the magnitude of precipitation isotopic shifts to better determine atmospheric circulation changes and the resulting hydrologic implications.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国西南部目前正经历着严重的水资源压力，预计在未来世纪将面临水资源供应量下降的问题。通过对该地区古代湖盆的研究，可以证明该地区过去水资源丰富程度的变化。该项目将重建美国西南部的Searles和死亡谷盆地过去15万年来的水资源、植被和水分来源。研究人员将利用每个盆地的海岸线沉积物来限制古代湖泊的水位。来自每个盆地中心的沉积物岩心记录将提供跨越潮湿和干燥时期的古气候信息。 保存在岩芯中的植物蜡将提供对过去植被变化的深入了解，这些变化反映了水分来源的变化。沉积物的放射性测年将给出古湖泊环境变化的精确年代。湖岸线年龄将被用来解释过去的湖泊体积在塞尔和死亡谷盆地。总的来说，这些信息将用于模拟过去的河流流量和水预算。这项工作还将为今后开发Searles盆地连续320万年的沉积物记录奠定基础，包括过去的温暖时期。 该项目将在5个机构培训研究生和本科生。宾厄姆顿大学的参与者将通过与死亡谷自然历史协会的合作，带领游客实地图尔斯死亡谷国家公园。在南加州大学的推广将涉及与拉布雷亚焦油坑博物馆的合作，并将侧重于教四年级的游客如何更新世湖泊与博物馆化石动物群的同一年龄。麻省理工学院的研究小组将把项目的发现纳入剑桥科学节、麻省理工学院博物馆的女孩节和新英格兰水族馆的气候主题宣传活动中。来自纽约州立大学奥斯韦戈分校和基斯通学院的研究人员将把研究成果融入到每年数百名学生的古气候和可持续发展课程中。美国西南部是一个水资源紧张的地区，预计在未来世纪将经历水资源供应减少。模式预测显示，区域环流对预测排放情景的反应存在很大分歧，对未来干旱的程度和空间特征的预测存在分歧。湖泊记录有可能提供详细的重建的水文，大气和植被的响应范围广泛的强迫，并提供未来的机会，基准模型的性能。从Searles和死亡谷盆地在加州南部的湖泊记录显示戏剧性的湖泊水位和植被的变化在过去的150 kyr，部分反映了巨大的变化，河流流量从社会重要的欧文斯河系统。这些记录需要新的分析，以改善不精确的年表和完善湖泊水位重建和这些邻近盆地的相关性。该项目是对过去150 kyr在Searles和死亡谷流域的水文和植被变化的多方面重建。研究人员将使用石灰华和其他近岸沉积物来限制两个盆地的湖泊水位，以及最近收集的核心SLAPP-SRLS 17（来自Searles盆地）和核心DV 93 -1（死亡谷）的现有和新测量值，以提供连续的多代理记录。沉积结构和纹理，蒸发岩矿物学和岩相，silicicacrylate粒度变化，岩石磁性变化的核心将与海岸线的限制，以模拟过去的水文和湖泊化学变化在Searles盆地，提供定量限制过去的河流流入量和降水蒸发平衡。植物蜡δ 13 C和花粉将提供对过去植被变化的洞察，植物蜡δ D将用于跟踪水分来源和水蒸气历史的变化。在这两个盆地，U/Th测年将被用来提供精确的年龄模型，从14 C和古地磁测量在Searles湖存款的支持。古强度的变化和磁场漂移的证据将提供一个独立的方法来确定SLAPP-SRLS 17核心。这两个盆地将共同提供复制的，日期明确的水文和植被记录，使用独立的方法来测试附近的魔鬼洞和利维坦洞穴的洞穴氧同位素记录的解释。这些记录将提供一个定量的水存储量的变化和降水同位素变化的幅度，以更好地确定大气环流的变化和由此产生的水文implications.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Searles Valley, California Latest Pleistocene Plant Wax and Salinity Data and Modern Plant Wax Data

NOAA/WDS 古气候学 - 加利福尼亚州塞尔斯谷最新更新世植物蜡和盐度数据以及现代植物蜡数据

• DOI: 10.25921/410y-ep42
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
• 作者: Peaple, M.D.;Tierney, J.E.;McGee, D.;Lowenstein, T.K.;Bhattacharya, T.;Feakins, S.J.
• 通讯作者: Feakins, S.J.

Biomarker Evidence for an MIS M2 Glacial‐Pluvial in the Mojave Desert Before Warming and Drying in the Late Pliocene

• DOI: 10.1029/2023pa004687
• 发表时间: 2024-01
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: M. Peaple;Tripti Bhattacharya;J. Tierney;Jeffrey R. Knott;T. Lowenstein;S. Feakins

Biomarker and Pollen Evidence for Late Pleistocene Pluvials in the Mojave Desert

• DOI: 10.1029/2022pa004471
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: M. Peaple;Tripti Bhattacharya;T. Lowenstein;D. McGee;K. Olson;J. Stroup;J. Tierney;S. Feakins

Identifying Plant Wax Inputs in Lake Sediments Using Machine Learning

• DOI: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104222
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: IMOG 2021
• 作者: M. Peaple;J. Tierney;D. McGee;T. Lowenstein;Tripti Bhattacharya;S. Feakins

Holocene Water Balance Variations in Great Salt Lake, Utah: Application of GDGT Indices and the ACE Salinity Proxy

• DOI: 10.1029/2022pa004558
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Rachel T. So;T. Lowenstein;E. Jagniecki;J. Tierney;S. Feakins