Collaborative Research: INFEWS: U.S.-China: Sustainable Decentralized Wastewater Management: Simultaneous Nutrient Recovery and Pharmaceutical Degradation of Source-Separated Urine

合作研究：INFEWS：中美：可持续分散废水管理：同时进行源头分离尿液的营养物回收和药物降解

• 批准号: 1903685
• 负责人: Shihong Lin
• 金额: $ 17.79万
• 依托单位: Vanderbilt University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1903685&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; INFEWS; U.S.; China

This project was awarded through the "National Science Foundation (NSF) / National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Joint Research on Environmental Sustainability Challenges" opportunity. The Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus is described as complex and inter-related global resource systems that rely on different ecosystem resources. FEW Nexus problems stem from the imbalance of different user activities, such as agricultural and water-use practices, that do not maintain the integrity of ecosystems that provide the resources for those activities. A more specific example of a FEW Nexus problem is the use of fertilizer for agriculture coupled with wastewater treatment practices. The current economic model of fertilizer utilization is unsustainable for multiple reasons. Ammonia fertilizer is produced through the energy-intensive and expensive Haber Bosch process, and phosphorus for fertilizer is mined at considerable cost. Energy and chemicals are further consumed for the removal of fertilizer-associated nutrients from wastewater from agricultural run-off to prevent environmental and public health problems. At the same time, pharmaceuticals in wastewater are contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), but conventional treatment plants are unable to adequately remove all nutrients and CECs. Consequently, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pharmaceuticals pollute surface, ground, and coastal waters when the inadequately treated wastewater treatment plant effluent is discharged to the environment. A new paradigm is needed to enable the transformations to i) economically and environmentally sustainable nutrient reuse and ii) a safer and more effective management strategy for CECs in wastewater. Urine streams are rich in nutrients and have high concentrations of pharmaceuticals. However, urine is immediately diluted over 100 times by flushing and subsequent mixing with other wastewater streams, making it difficult to separate CECs and nutrient pollutants. A more rational approach would be to take advantage of the high concentrations of the nutrients and contaminants in undiluted urine by carrying out source-separation for decentralized resource recovery and pharmaceutical degradation, rather than treating the diluted urine at centralized wastewater treatment plants . This international collaborative project between the U.S. institutions of Columbia University and Vanderbilt University, and the Harbin Institute of Technology in China proposes an integrated treatment approach for source-separated urine, comprising i) ammonia recovery, ii) phosphate extraction, and iii) pharmaceutical degradation, to simultaneously achieve sustainable on-site nutrient recycling and contaminant elimination. Advancing fundamental knowledge on decentralized technologies for nutrient recovery and reuse and CEC elimination in urine source-separation and management will yield transformative impacts to enable the evolution of current wastewater management approaches to a more sustainable "resource recovery" approach.The goals of this project are to enhance fundamental knowledge of the principal phenomena governing nitrogen and phosphorous recovery and pharmaceutical degradation in source-separated urine, and to assess the high-level impacts of implementing decentralized wastewater management. Specific objectives are: 1) to advance fundamental understanding of ammonia and water vapor transport across hydrophobic microporous membranes, 2) elucidate the fouling mechanisms during ammonia recovery from hydrolyzed source-separated urine, and formulate appropriate fouling control strategies, 3) investigate the degradation of model pharmaceutical compounds by advanced oxidation processes, 4) evaluate the fate of model pharmaceutical compounds and heavy metals in phosphate recovery by induced precipitation, and 5) assess the national-level environmental and public health impacts of large-scale implementation of urine source-separation in the U.S. and China. This study will investigate nutrient recovery and pharmaceutical degradation of diverted urine to elucidate the common denominators influencing the different phenomena of, and identify the overall achievable performance of, ammonia separation, phosphate extraction, and pharmaceutical degradation through integrated research. The project will advance fundamental knowledge on the benefits and costs of implementing urine source-separation and decentralized treatment in the U.S. and China. Critical insights from the specific research tasks have far-reaching impacts on individual topics, including i) enhanced transport theory of vapor in micropores, ii) improving the understanding of fouling and fouling mitigation in membrane distillation, iii) identification of principal factors governing advanced oxidation processes for pharmaceuticals, and iv) elucidation of contaminant fate in phosphate precipitation. This collaborative project will integrate education and research to train and prepare graduate, undergraduate, and high school students in STEM. The researchers will engage in activities including: (i) recruitment of under-represented groups, (ii) development of nutrient and microcontaminant modules for K-12 education and public outreach, (iii) providing undergraduate research opportunities through structured programs, and (iv) enhancing undergraduate and graduate education by integrating scientific concepts and technical principles of the research current courses.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本项目通过“国家自然科学基金(NSF) /国家自然科学基金（NSFC）环境可持续性挑战联合研究”的机会获得资助。食物-能源-水（FEW）关系被描述为依赖于不同生态系统资源的复杂且相互关联的全球资源系统。很少有关联问题源于不同用户活动的不平衡，例如农业和用水做法，它们不能维持为这些活动提供资源的生态系统的完整性。少数关联问题的一个更具体的例子是农业肥料的使用与废水处理做法相结合。由于多种原因，目前的肥料利用经济模式是不可持续的。氨肥是通过能源密集型和昂贵的Haber Bosch工艺生产的，而用于肥料的磷是在相当高的成本下开采的。能源和化学品的进一步消耗是为了从农业径流的废水中去除与肥料有关的营养物质，以防止出现环境和公共健康问题。同时，废水中的药物是新兴关注的污染物（CECs），但传统的处理工厂无法充分去除所有的营养物质和CECs。因此，当未经充分处理的废水处理厂排放到环境中时，氮、磷和药物污染了地表、地面和沿海水域。需要一种新的模式来实现以下转变：1)经济上和环境上可持续的营养物质再利用；2)废水中CECs的更安全、更有效的管理战略。尿液中含有丰富的营养物质和高浓度的药物。然而，通过冲洗和随后与其他废水流混合，尿液立即被稀释100倍以上，使CECs和营养性污染物难以分离。一种更合理的方法是利用未稀释尿液中高浓度的营养物质和污染物，通过源分离进行分散的资源回收和药物降解，而不是在集中的污水处理厂处理稀释后的尿液。美国哥伦比亚大学和范德比尔特大学与中国哈尔滨工业大学的国际合作项目提出了一种综合处理源分离尿液的方法，包括i)氨回收，ii)磷酸盐提取和iii)药物降解，同时实现可持续的现场营养循环和污染物消除。在尿源分离和管理中推进分散技术的基础知识，用于营养物回收和再利用以及消除CEC，将产生变革性影响，使当前的废水管理方法向更可持续的“资源回收”方法发展。该项目的目标是加强对控制源分离尿液中氮和磷回收和药物降解的主要现象的基本认识，并评估实施分散废水管理的高水平影响。具体目标是：1)进一步了解氨和水蒸气在疏水微孔膜上的传输；2)阐明水解源分离尿液中氨的污染机制，并制定适当的污染控制策略；3)研究高级氧化工艺对模型药物化合物的降解；4)评估模型药物化合物和重金属在诱导沉淀磷酸盐回收中的归宿。5)评估在美国和中国大规模实施尿源分离对国家层面的环境和公共卫生影响。本研究将研究转移尿液的营养回收和药物降解，阐明影响不同现象的共同因素，并通过综合研究确定氨分离、磷酸盐提取和药物降解的总体可实现性能。该项目将提高在美国和中国实施尿源分离和分散处理的收益和成本的基础知识。来自特定研究任务的关键见解对个别主题具有深远的影响，包括i)增强微孔中蒸汽的传输理论，ii)提高对膜蒸馏中污染和污染缓解的理解，iii)确定控制药物高级氧化过程的主要因素，以及iv)阐明磷酸盐沉淀中的污染物命运。该合作项目将整合教育和研究，为研究生、本科生和高中生提供STEM方面的培训和准备。研究人员将参与的活动包括：(i)招募代表性不足的群体，（ii）为K-12教育和公众宣传开发营养和微污染物模块，（iii）通过结构化项目提供本科生研究机会，以及（iv）通过整合研究当前课程的科学概念和技术原理来加强本科生和研究生教育。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Janus Membrane with a Dense Hydrophilic Surface Layer for Robust Fouling and Wetting Resistance in Membrane Distillation: New Insights into Wetting Resistance

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04443
• 发表时间: 2021-10-01
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Feng, Dejun;Chen, Yuanmiaoliang;Lin, Shihong
• 通讯作者: Lin, Shihong

Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for Ammonia Recovery from Synthetic Urine: Experiments, Modeling, and Performance Analysis

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05316
• 发表时间: 2021-10-12
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Li, Yujiao;Wang, Ruoyu;Lin, Shihong
• 通讯作者: Lin, Shihong

Gypsum scaling in membrane distillation: Impacts of temperature and vapor flux

• DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2021.115499
• 发表时间: 2022-03-01
• 期刊: DESALINATION
• 影响因子: 9.9
• 作者: Christie, Kofi S. S.;Horseman, Thomas;Lin, Shihong
• 通讯作者: Lin, Shihong

Thallium mining from industrial wastewaters enabled by a dynamic composite membrane process

• DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106577
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: Resources, Conservation and Recycling
• 作者: Zhangxin Wang;Shanshan Liu;Hailong Zhang;Zhongyuan Zhang;Jingzhu Jiang;Di He;Shihong Lin

Negative Pressure Membrane Distillation for Excellent Gypsum Scaling Resistance and Flux Enhancement

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07144
• 发表时间: 2021-12-23
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Liu, Yongjie;Horseman, Thomas;He, Tao
• 通讯作者: He, Tao