Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Dynamics of State and Scientific Classification

博士论文研究：国家动态与科学分类

• 批准号: 1904247
• 负责人: Mustafa Emirbayer
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1904247&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Dynamics; State

This project examines the construction, use, and effects of the official U.S. poverty measure over time. Federally instituted fifty years ago, the poverty measure classifies who is poor and enables the state, social scientists, and society to calculate U.S. poverty rates and analyze poverty over time. Prior to its development and official adoption, no standard methodology existed. Today, the measure underlies not only social policy and poverty research, but also national discourse on poverty. This study makes two empirical contributions. First, the study identifies the processes through which the poverty measure was first developed and used during the War on Poverty era. Second, the study examines how the poverty measure, as an official classification and a statistical standard, has both facilitated and constrained a growing infrastructure of poverty knowledge systems and practices, particularly in government and social science. Project findings will be relevant to those on the forefront of understanding and alleviating poverty, especially decision makers, federal agencies, researchers, and antipoverty organizations. This project draws on archival materials, public records, technical files, official reports, existing oral histories, and original interviews, addressing the 1950s through today. Research focuses on the state and social science organizations and actors that have been most central in creating, using, justifying, and evaluating the official poverty measure. Attention is paid to discourses, strategies, logics, and decision-making processes. Overall, this project and resultant findings contribute to scholarship on classification, institutional change and durability, and processes of knowledge production at the state-science nexus.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目考察了美国官方贫困衡量标准的构建、使用和影响。 50年前，联邦政府制定了贫困衡量标准，对贫困人口进行分类，使州政府、社会科学家和社会能够计算美国的贫困率，并分析贫困状况。在其制定和正式通过之前，没有标准方法。今天，这一衡量标准不仅是社会政策和贫困研究的基础，也是国家关于贫困问题的讨论的基础。本研究做出了两个经验贡献。首先，研究确定了贫困衡量标准在反贫困战争时期首次制定和使用的过程。第二，研究报告审查了作为官方分类和统计标准的贫穷衡量标准如何促进和限制了日益增长的贫穷知识体系和实践基础设施，特别是在政府和社会科学领域。项目结果将与那些站在理解和减轻贫困第一线的人，特别是决策者、联邦机构、研究人员和扶贫组织有关。该项目利用档案材料，公共记录，技术文件，官方报告，现有的口述历史和原始访谈，解决20世纪50年代到今天。 研究的重点是国家和社会科学组织和行动者，他们在创建，使用，证明和评估官方贫困措施方面发挥了最重要的作用。注意话语，策略，逻辑和决策过程。总的来说，这个项目和由此产生的结果有助于分类，制度变革和持久性，以及在国家科学nexus.This奖项的知识生产过程的奖学金反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。