Doctoral Dissertation Research: Institutionalizing Standards in Clinical Genome Editing

博士论文研究：临床基因组编辑标准制度化

• 批准号: 1904321
• 负责人: Marion Fourcade
• 金额: $ 1.52万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-15 至 2020-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1904321&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Institutionalizing; Standards

This project investigates the process by which regulatory guidelines and standards of practice are developed: How do best practices and standard operating protocols become institutionalized into formal policies, guidelines and norms? It does so for the technology of genome editing, specifically for the case of the DNA editing tool CRISPR and the technological breakthrough it represents. To address social and ethical implications raised by these technologies, scientists have convened open conference forums, but academic and industry scientists largely make decisions about the direction of research, the standards of efficacy and measurement, and the safety of clinical protocols behind closed doors. Findings will contribute to the training of scientists and decision-making concerning science.Data concerning determination of guidelines and standards of practice will be gathered through interviews, participant observation, and archival research at the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the Department of Commerce. The project's methodology builds on the conventions of laboratory studies by using the extended-case method of ethnography, which relies on comparative data and multi-site participant observation to trace decentralized processes. By describing the process by which regulatory guidelines are produced by stakeholders at strategic sites of institutionalization, this project contributes to the sociology of science and technology, organizations and political sociology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本项目调查的过程中，监管准则和标准的做法是制定：如何最佳做法和标准的业务协议成为制度化的正式政策，准则和规范？ 它是针对基因组编辑技术，特别是DNA编辑工具CRISPR及其代表的技术突破。为了解决这些技术带来的社会和伦理影响，科学家们召开了公开的会议论坛，但学术和行业科学家主要是关起门来决定研究方向、疗效和测量标准以及临床协议的安全性。研究结果将有助于科学家的培训和科学决策。有关指导方针和实践标准的确定的数据将通过美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）生物制品评价和研究中心（CBER）和商务部国家标准和技术研究所（NIST）的访谈、参与者观察和档案研究收集。该项目的方法建立在实验室研究的惯例基础上，采用人种学的扩展案例方法，这种方法依靠比较数据和多地点参与观察来追踪分散化进程。通过描述利益相关者在制度化的战略地点制定监管指南的过程，该项目有助于科学和技术社会学，组织和政治社会学。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。