RAPID: Collaborative Research: Forest Ecosystem Responses to Interacting Bark Beetle and Fire Disturbance are set up by Regeneration in the First Year

RAPID：合作研究：森林生态系统对相互作用的树皮甲虫和火灾干扰的反应是通过第一年的再生建立的

• 批准号: 1904421
• 负责人: Mario Bretfeld
• 金额: $ 16.5万
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-01 至 2021-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1904421&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Forest; Ecosystem

Over the past two decades, forests in the western US have experienced increases in bark beetle infestations and higher incidence of forest fires. The resulting tree mortality produces ecosystem responses that affect water quantity and quality, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling, with implications for future forest production and health. Understanding how these two stresses affect forests is critical to the management and availability of water in the western US. This award will significantly contribute to ecosystem models that predict where and how fast carbon, nitrogen and water move in these forests. Results from this study will be shared with regional water and forest managers using the Wyoming Water Forum. Underrepresented and first-generation pre-college students will be involved in the project through the University of Wyoming "Summer Research Apprentice Program".This award will quantify carbon and water fluxes in relation to post-beetle fire intensity, partitioning these fluxes into contributions from the understory plants, overstory plants, and soil. The researchers will further assess the interactive effects between post-beetle fire and vegetation regrowth, specifically in regard to soil water and available soil N. The researchers will take advantage of a recent fire that burned through a beetle-affected lodgepole pine forest in Chimney Park Wyoming. The heterogeneous distribution of burn severity and existing pre-burn data provide a unique opportunity to understand the physical and biological processes that control the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles within a forest ecosystem following sequential and interacting disturbances. The researchers will measure ecosystem pools and fluxes of carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen in forest patches of different post-beetle burn intensities (bark beetles only, bark beetles plus understory fire, bark beetles and stand replacing fire) using eddy covariance, sap flow, electrical resistivity tomography, vegetation surveys, and biogeochemical techniques. This study will leverage existing equipment and benefits from an extensive pre-disturbance data set. This award will develop predictions and attribution to biological (e.g. transpiration controlled by plant conductance) and/or physical (e.g. soil evaporation and interception from bare branches) drivers in these forests.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在过去的二十年里，美国西部的森林经历了树皮甲虫侵扰和森林火灾发生率的增加。 由此产生的树木死亡率产生生态系统的反应，影响水的数量和质量，碳储存和养分循环，对未来的森林生产和健康的影响。 了解这两种压力如何影响森林对于美国西部的水资源管理和可用性至关重要。 该奖项将为预测碳、氮和水在这些森林中移动的位置和速度的生态系统模型做出重大贡献。这项研究的结果将通过怀俄明州水论坛与区域水和森林管理人员分享。代表性不足的第一代大学预科生将通过怀俄明州大学的“夏季研究学徒计划”参与该项目。该奖项将量化与甲虫后火灾强度相关的碳和水通量，将这些通量划分为林下植物，林上植物和土壤的贡献。研究人员将进一步评估甲虫后火灾和植被再生之间的相互作用，特别是在土壤水和有效土壤氮方面。研究人员将利用最近发生在怀俄明州烟囱公园的一场大火，大火烧毁了一片受甲虫影响的黑松林。烧伤的严重程度和现有的预烧数据的异质分布提供了一个独特的机会，了解控制水，碳，氮循环的物理和生物过程中的森林生态系统以下顺序和相互作用的干扰。研究人员将使用涡度协方差、液流、电阻率断层扫描、植被调查和生物地球化学技术，测量不同甲虫燃烧强度后森林斑块中的生态系统池和二氧化碳、水和氮的通量（仅树皮甲虫、树皮甲虫加上林下火灾、树皮甲虫和林分替代火灾）。这项研究将利用现有的设备，并从广泛的干扰前数据集的好处。该奖项将开发预测和归因于这些森林中的生物（例如植物电导控制的蒸腾）和/或物理（例如土壤蒸发和裸露树枝的拦截）驱动因素。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Bayesian Predictions of Bark Beetle Attack and Mortality of Three Conifer Species During Epidemic and Endemic Population Stages

• DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2021.679104
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 作者: Mario Bretfeld;H. Speckman;D. Beverly;B. Ewers