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NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2019: Temporal Dynamics of Pacific Kelp Forest Ecosystems

2019 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金：太平洋海带森林生态系统的时间动态

基本信息

批准号：
1907163
负责人：
Emma Elliott Smith
金额：
$ 13.8万
依托单位：
Elliott Smith, Emma A
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-03-01 至 2022-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1907163&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship Biology FY

项目摘要

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2019, Research Using Biological Collections. The fellowship supports research and training of the fellow that will utilize biological collections in innovative ways. Many species are threatened because of climate change and human impacts. By examining how species lived before human environmental influences, we can help mitigate future environmental change. This project studies Pacific kelp forests. Today, these nearshore habitats are vulnerable because of their proximity to large cities. The fellow will use chemical techniques to quantify the importance of kelp to ancient fish and marine mammals using bones collected from archaeological sites. Sites range from Alaska to southern California, and date from 12,000 years ago to modern day. Additionally, the fellow will characterize nutrient flow between kelp forests and nearby open ocean habitats. Overall, this project provides a picture of what habitats along the Pacific coast of North America looked like prior to European contact. The work is important not just for species living in kelp forests, but for human communities relying on them. The fellow will present this research to visitors at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), and develop learning modules for high schools and scientific researchers. This research will examine the dynamics of Pacific kelp forest ecosystems over the Holocene and Anthropocene. Incorporating data from archaeological contexts adds to our understanding of these ecosystems by providing a pre-industrial baseline. The fellow will conduct delta13-C analysis of essential amino acids (EAA) on faunal remains from archaeological sites to reconstruct the importance of kelp-derived energy to ancient food webs. Sites span the northeast Pacific margin and past 12,000 years. At each location, the fellow will analyze fauna from three distinct functional groupings benthic, pelagic or mixed-habitat foragers to quantify kelp versus pelagically-derived energy. The fellow will compare these to analogous modern fauna to characterize ecosystem change. The fellow will work at the Smithsonian NMNH, a premier research and educational institute and popular cultural attraction. The fellow will: 1) learn important curatorial and faunal identification skills, and 2) interact directly with the general public about the importance of kelp forest ecosystems. The fellow will also develop curriculum based around historical conservation ecology for use in high schools. This research aids in understanding kelp forests dynamics, and engages scientists and the public in their protection.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项行动资助了2019财年NSF生物学博士后研究奖学金，使用生物收集的研究。该研究金支持研究员的研究和培训，以创新的方式利用生物收藏。由于气候变化和人类活动的影响，许多物种受到威胁。通过研究在人类环境影响之前物种是如何生活的，我们可以帮助减轻未来的环境变化。这个项目研究太平洋海藻森林。今天，这些近岸栖息地由于靠近大城市而变得脆弱。这位研究员将使用从考古遗址收集的骨骼，利用化学技术来量化海带对古代鱼类和海洋哺乳动物的重要性。遗址范围从阿拉斯加到加州南部，从12,000年前到现代。此外，该研究员将描述海带森林和附近开阔海洋栖息地之间的营养流。总的来说，这个项目提供了一幅图片，说明在欧洲人接触之前，北美太平洋沿岸沿着的栖息地是什么样子的。这项工作不仅对生活在海带森林中的物种很重要，而且对依赖它们的人类社区也很重要。该研究员将在史密森尼国家自然历史博物馆（NMNH）向游客展示这项研究，并为高中和科学研究人员开发学习模块。这项研究将研究太平洋海带森林生态系统在全新世和人类世的动态。从考古学背景中收集数据，通过提供工业化前的基线，增加了我们对这些生态系统的理解。该研究员将对考古遗址的动物遗骸进行必需氨基酸（EAA）的δ 13-C分析，以重建海带衍生能源对古代食物网的重要性。遗址横跨太平洋东北边缘，过去12,000年。在每个地点，该研究员将分析来自三个不同功能组的底栖、中上层或混合生境觅食者的动物群，以量化海带与中上层来源的能量。该研究员将把这些与类似的现代动物群进行比较，以描述生态系统的变化。该研究员将在史密森尼NMNH，一个首屈一指的研究和教育机构和流行的文化景点工作。该研究员将：1）学习重要的策展和动物区系识别技能，2）直接与公众互动，了解海带森林生态系统的重要性。该研究员还将围绕历史保护生态学开发课程，供高中使用。这项研究有助于了解海带森林的动态，并吸引科学家和公众参与其保护。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。