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NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2019: Viruses: Architects of Microbial Community Metabolism

2019 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金：病毒：微生物群落代谢的建筑师

基本信息

批准号：
1907184
负责人：
Kalia Bistolas
金额：
$ 20.7万
依托单位：
Bistolas, Kalia
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1907184&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship Biology FY

项目摘要

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2019, Broadening Participation of Groups Under-represented in Biology. The fellowship supports a research and training plan for the Fellow that will increase the participation of groups underrepresented in biology. The Fellow will explore the interface between viruses, their microbial hosts, and human-driven changes in marine nutrients. Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on the planet yet cannot multiply without cellular hosts, including microbes. Viruses manipulate the metabolism of the microbes that they infect through numerous mechanisms, which has consequences for global nutrient cycling. One way that viruses modify microbial activities is by genetically altering microbial metabolism to better suit viral replication and this can also alter the way that microbes utilize key nutrients, including nitrogen. Nitrogen is a fundamental chemical in oceans and an essential component of all organisms. Human activities have increased the deposition of nitrogen into natural ecosystems five-fold over the last century. This influx alters the composition and function of microbial communities. The goal of this research is to understand how the genetics of viruses contributes to microbial metabolism to better predict how microbial communities respond to human-driven nutrient increases. The Fellow will also enhance inclusivity in science by working with students from underrepresented groups, including students with disabilities.This project targets an aggregate portrait of virus-encoded auxiliary metabolic gene (AMG) repertoires and host-virus dynamics in nitrate/urea-replete marine ecosystems using a multidimensional sequencing approach. By coupling in situ experimentation with in silico analysis of coexisting viral and cellular consortia, this research aims to resolve the significance of nitrogen amendment on (1) microbial community turnover and putative metabolic capacity, (2) composition and distribution of virus-encoded AMGs, and (3) microbial transcription of pathways involved in host-virus interactions. The experimental design expects to differentiate between short- and long-term impacts of eutrophication, providing both baseline information about AMG dynamics and stability under transitional conditions. As integral members of aquatic ecosystems, viruses govern microbial diversity, evolution, and metabolism; it is imperative to investigate host-virus dynamics and virus-mediated proliferation of AMGs under anticipated future biogeochemical conditions. In addition to facilitating the Fellow's development of key bioinformatic and molecular skills, this program will enable international collaboration, improve inclusivity and integration of universal design at fieldwork sites, and engage individuals of underrepresented groups through curriculum design and mentorship.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这一行动为NSF 2019财年生物学博士后研究奖学金提供资金，扩大了生物学领域代表性不足群体的参与。该奖学金支持一项针对该研究员的研究和培训计划，该计划将增加生物学中代表性不足的群体的参与。这位研究员将探索病毒、它们的微生物宿主和人类驱动的海洋营养物质变化之间的接口。病毒是地球上最丰富的生物实体，但如果没有包括微生物在内的细胞宿主，病毒就无法繁殖。病毒通过多种机制操纵它们感染的微生物的新陈代谢，这对全球营养循环产生了影响。病毒改变微生物活动的一种方式是通过基因改变微生物新陈代谢，以更好地适应病毒复制，这也可以改变微生物利用包括氮在内的关键营养物质的方式。氮是海洋中的一种基本化学物质，也是所有生物体的基本成分。在上个世纪，人类活动使自然生态系统中的氮沉积增加了五倍。这种涌入改变了微生物群落的组成和功能。这项研究的目标是了解病毒的遗传学如何对微生物新陈代谢做出贡献，以更好地预测微生物群落如何对人类驱动的营养增加做出反应。该研究员还将通过与来自代表性不足群体的学生(包括残疾学生)合作来提高科学包容性。该项目的目标是使用多维测序方法对硝酸盐/尿素充足的海洋生态系统中的病毒编码辅助代谢基因(AMG)谱系和宿主病毒动态进行汇总描述。本研究通过对病毒和细胞共存的原位实验和计算机分析相结合，旨在解决氮素修饰对(1)微生物群落周转和假定的代谢能力，(2)病毒编码的AMGs的组成和分布，以及(3)宿主-病毒相互作用途径的微生物转录的意义。实验设计希望区分富营养化的短期和长期影响，提供有关过渡条件下AMG动态和稳定性的基线信息。作为水生生态系统中不可或缺的一员，病毒控制着微生物的多样性、进化和代谢；在预期的未来生物地球化学条件下，研究宿主病毒的动力学和病毒介导的AMGs的增殖是势在必行的。除了促进研究员发展关键的生物信息学和分子技能外，该计划还将促进国际合作，提高实地工作地点通用设计的包容性和集成性，并通过课程设计和指导吸引代表不足群体的个人。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。