NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2019: Managing tradeoffs between commercial fisheries and resource subsidy ecosystem services in a rapidly changing world

2019 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金：在快速变化的世界中管理商业渔业和资源补贴生态系统服务之间的权衡

• 批准号: 1907315
• 负责人: Christopher Cheek
• 金额: $ 13.8万
• 依托单位: Cheek, Christopher Allen
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-01 至 2022-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1907315&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; Postdoctoral; Fellowship; Biology; FY

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2019, Broadening Participation of Groups Under-represented in Biology. The fellowship supports a research and training plan for the Fellow that will increase the participation of groups underrepresented in biology. Ecosystem management in a changing world is essential for maintaining ecosystem resources that are economically or environmentally beneficial to humans. However, when management focuses on maximizing a single resource, tradeoffs can occur that reduce other resources unintentionally. Predicting how ecosystem resources will respond to management actions and climatic change is especially important in heavily managed systems such as commercial fisheries of Pacific salmon. In addition to the economic benefits of salmon fisheries, salmon transport large quantities of nutrients and food resources from the ocean to freshwater ecosystems during their spawning migrations. The eggs and salmon carcasses provided by the migrations are essential for sustaining resident trout and brown bear populations in Alaska. Both species provide sport and subsistence fishing and hunting opportunities that are culturally and economically valuable to local communities. Commercial salmon fisheries primarily harvest fish in the ocean prior to entering freshwater habitats, thereby reducing the quantity of resources that are transported to freshwater ecosystems. The competing resources create a tradeoff between the harvest in salmon fisheries and the nutrient flux that supports resident trout and brown bear populations. To maximize both ecosystem resources, it is important to understand how each respond to changes in climate and fisheries management practices. This research will provide a new understanding of how fisheries management and increased temperature impact the quantity of resources transported by salmon and identify the best management practices to minimize tradeoffs and maximize benefits for a diverse group of stakeholders. The fellow will use long-term datasets from Bristol Bay, AK combined with simulation modeling techniques to identify fisheries management practices that maximize ecosystem services. The specific research objectives are: 1) construct a bioenergetic model to evaluate the impact of increased stream temperatures and commercial harvest scenarios on resident stream fish growth; 2) develop a population model that evaluates the effect life-history changes in sockeye salmon on resource subsidies provided to freshwater habitats; and 3) test stocking and harvest scenarios that maximize both resource subsidies and commercial returns. The fellow will support broader participation in fisheries science by participating in and organizing the Native Peoples Fisheries Section of American Fisheries Society and by establishing a fisheries training and internship program for Native youth. The fellow will receive training in simulation modeling, teaching, and working with under-represented groups that will advance their career in aquatic ecology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项行动资助了2019财年的NSF生物学博士后研究奖学金，扩大了生物学中代表性不足的群体的参与。该研究金支持研究员的一项研究和培训计划，该计划将增加在生物学领域代表性不足的群体的参与。在一个不断变化的世界中，生态系统管理对于维持对人类在经济或环境上有益的生态系统资源至关重要。然而，当管理集中在最大限度地利用单一资源时，可能会发生权衡，从而无意中减少其他资源。预测生态系统资源将如何应对管理行动和气候变化，对于太平洋鲑鱼商业捕捞等高度管理的系统尤为重要。除了鲑鱼渔业的经济效益外，鲑鱼在产卵洄游期间将大量营养物质和食物资源从海洋运输到淡水生态系统。迁徙提供的鲑鱼卵和鲑鱼尸体对维持阿拉斯加的鳟鱼和棕熊种群至关重要。这两个物种都提供了体育和生计捕鱼和狩猎的机会，对当地社区具有文化和经济价值。 商业鲑鱼渔业主要是在进入淡水生境之前在海洋中捕捞鱼类，从而减少了运往淡水生态系统的资源数量。竞争性的资源在鲑鱼渔业的收获和支持当地鳟鱼和棕熊种群的营养流之间产生了权衡。为了最大限度地利用这两种生态系统资源，重要的是要了解它们如何应对气候变化和渔业管理做法。这项研究将为渔业管理和温度升高如何影响鲑鱼运输的资源量提供新的认识，并确定最佳管理做法，以最大限度地减少权衡，并为不同的利益相关者群体带来最大利益。该研究员将使用来自AK州布里斯托湾的长期数据集，结合模拟建模技术，以确定最大限度地提高生态系统服务的渔业管理做法。具体的研究目标是：1）构建一个生物能量模型，以评估河流温度升高和商业捕捞情景对居民河流鱼类生长的影响; 2）开发一个种群模型，以评估红鲑鱼生活史变化对淡水栖息地资源补贴的影响; 3）测试最大化资源补贴和商业回报的放养和捕捞情景。该研究员将通过参与和组织美国渔业协会土著人民渔业部门以及为土著青年建立渔业培训和实习计划，支持更广泛地参与渔业科学。 该研究员将接受模拟建模、教学和与代表性不足的团体合作的培训，这些培训将促进他们在水生生态学方面的职业生涯。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。