NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2019: Managing tradeoffs between commercial fisheries and resource subsidy ecosystem services in a rapidly changing world

该行动为2019财年美国国家科学基金会生物学博士后研究奖学金提供资金，扩大生物学中代表性不足群体的参与。该奖学金支持研究员的一项研究和培训计划，该计划将增加生物学中代表性不足的群体的参与。在不断变化的世界中，生态系统管理对于维持对人类经济或环境有益的生态系统资源至关重要。然而，当管理集中于最大化单个资源时，可能会发生权衡，从而在无意中减少其他资源。预测生态系统资源将如何对管理行动和气候变化作出反应，在太平洋鲑鱼商业渔业等高度管理的系统中尤为重要。除了鲑鱼渔业的经济效益外，鲑鱼在产卵迁徙期间还将大量营养物质和食物资源从海洋运输到淡水生态系统。迁徙带来的鱼卵和鲑鱼尸体对维持阿拉斯加的鳟鱼和棕熊种群至关重要。这两个物种都提供了运动和自给自足的捕鱼和狩猎机会，对当地社区具有文化和经济价值。商业鲑鱼渔业主要在进入淡水栖息地之前在海洋中捕捞鱼类，从而减少了运输到淡水生态系统的资源数量。竞争资源在鲑鱼渔业的收获和支持当地鳟鱼和棕熊种群的营养流动之间造成了一种权衡。为了最大限度地利用这两种生态系统资源，了解它们如何应对气候和渔业管理做法的变化是很重要的。这项研究将对渔业管理和温度升高如何影响鲑鱼运输的资源数量提供新的理解，并确定最佳管理实践，以最大限度地减少权衡，并为不同的利益相关者群体最大化利益。该研究员将使用来自AK布里斯托尔湾的长期数据集，结合模拟建模技术来确定最大限度地提高生态系统服务的渔业管理实践。具体研究目标为：1)构建生物能量模型，评估河流温度升高和商业捕捞情景对居住溪流鱼类生长的影响；2)建立种群模型，评估红鲑生活史变化对淡水生境资源补贴的影响；3)测试最大限度地提高资源补贴和商业回报的放养和收获方案。该研究员将通过参与和组织美国渔业协会的土著渔业部门，以及为土著青年建立渔业培训和实习项目，支持更广泛地参与渔业科学。该研究员将接受模拟建模、教学和与代表性不足的群体合作方面的培训，这些群体将促进他们在水生生态学方面的职业发展。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2019, Broadening Participation of Groups Under-represented in Biology. The fellowship supports a research and training plan for the Fellow that will increase the participation of groups underrepresented in biology. Ecosystem management in a changing world is essential for maintaining ecosystem resources that are economically or environmentally beneficial to humans. However, when management focuses on maximizing a single resource, tradeoffs can occur that reduce other resources unintentionally. Predicting how ecosystem resources will respond to management actions and climatic change is especially important in heavily managed systems such as commercial fisheries of Pacific salmon. In addition to the economic benefits of salmon fisheries, salmon transport large quantities of nutrients and food resources from the ocean to freshwater ecosystems during their spawning migrations. The eggs and salmon carcasses provided by the migrations are essential for sustaining resident trout and brown bear populations in Alaska. Both species provide sport and subsistence fishing and hunting opportunities that are culturally and economically valuable to local communities. Commercial salmon fisheries primarily harvest fish in the ocean prior to entering freshwater habitats, thereby reducing the quantity of resources that are transported to freshwater ecosystems. The competing resources create a tradeoff between the harvest in salmon fisheries and the nutrient flux that supports resident trout and brown bear populations. To maximize both ecosystem resources, it is important to understand how each respond to changes in climate and fisheries management practices. This research will provide a new understanding of how fisheries management and increased temperature impact the quantity of resources transported by salmon and identify the best management practices to minimize tradeoffs and maximize benefits for a diverse group of stakeholders. The fellow will use long-term datasets from Bristol Bay, AK combined with simulation modeling techniques to identify fisheries management practices that maximize ecosystem services. The specific research objectives are: 1) construct a bioenergetic model to evaluate the impact of increased stream temperatures and commercial harvest scenarios on resident stream fish growth; 2) develop a population model that evaluates the effect life-history changes in sockeye salmon on resource subsidies provided to freshwater habitats; and 3) test stocking and harvest scenarios that maximize both resource subsidies and commercial returns. The fellow will support broader participation in fisheries science by participating in and organizing the Native Peoples Fisheries Section of American Fisheries Society and by establishing a fisheries training and internship program for Native youth. The fellow will receive training in simulation modeling, teaching, and working with under-represented groups that will advance their career in aquatic ecology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.