Support for LIGO Scientific Collaboration Core Functions in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Observations

支持引力波观测时代的 LIGO 科学协作核心功能

• 批准号: 1912598
• 负责人: John O'Reilly
• 金额: $ 79.82万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1912598&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Support; LIGO; Scientific; Collaboration; Core

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) was formed in 1997 to directly observe gravitational waves (GW) in data collected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). This goal was realized in September 2015 with the detection of GWs originating from the Binary Black Hole (BBH) merger, GW150914. In 2017 the LSC, together with the Virgo collaboration, inaugurated the era of multi-messenger GW astronomy with the detection of the Binary Neutron Star (BNS) merger, GW170817. This is the dawn of a new and exciting era of astronomy, made possible by the organization and coherent vision of the LSC. The success of the LSC relies on a globally distributed team. Effective and efficient operations requires regular in-person meetings for planning and reviews. This project supports travel for the LSC Spokesperson and other members of the leadership team to participate in such activities and it also supports the LSC Fellows Program. This program attracts a diverse and skilled set of (mostly) junior researchers to work at each LIGO site. Participants monitor the quality of data during observation runs and work with local engineers and scientists to improve the performance of the interferometers. Participation by LSC members in on-site investigations helps improve the sensitivity of the LIGO detectors and increase their duty cycle; this extends the scientific reach of the detectors. Developing and maintaining a broad base of research scientists in the LSC that are trained in gravitational-wave science is essential for future observations.This award supports core functions of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) in order to carry out its scientific mission of using gravitational-waves to explore the fundamental physics of gravity and as a new multi-messenger astronomical tool of discovery. The grant supports the U.S. portion of the LSC Activities Fees, which amounts to about 52% (444 of 884 members) of all fees collected. The LSC levies an Activities Fee on a per-member basis to fund key programs and functions deemed essential by the membership. These include the LSC Fellows Program, publication fees associated with collaboration papers, LSC service travel associated with organizational responsibilities, and LSC spokesperson's travel. About two thirds of the Activities Fee funds the LSC Fellows Program, which attracts a diverse and skilled set of (mostly) junior researchers to work at each LIGO site. The goals of the program are to provide opportunities for LSC members to learn about and contribute to LIGO's precision interferometery at the observatories, to have on-site LSC scientists monitoring the quality of data during observation runs, and to complement the activities of local engineers and scientists in improving the performance of the interferometers. The Activities Fee assessment ensures that the publication fees for collaboration papers, including fees to make seminal detection papers open-access, and LSC Spokesperson and other members' travel associated with organizational responsibilities, are distributed evenly among collaboration members. The fee also funds reliable internet hosting and identity services, both of which are crucial for a large collaboration such as the LSC. The LSC has a substantial positive impact on research, education and public understanding of science through its activities. The LSC trains junior scientists to understand the design and operations of the cutting-edge LIGO detectors. The experience gained through the LSC Fellows program significantly and positively impacts junior scientists' abilities to understand and communicate on highly technical topics; these are important skills both inside and outside academia. Students and junior researchers from smaller institutions, some of whom are under-represented minorities, gain access to resources that would otherwise be out of reach. In the long-term, there is significant benefit from training a larger and more diverse group of experimental scientists.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

LIGO科学合作组织（LSC）成立于1997年，旨在直接观测激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）收集的数据中的引力波（GW）。这一目标在2015年9月实现，探测到了来自双星黑洞（BBH）合并的GW，GW 150914。2017年，LSC与Virgo合作，开启了多信使GW天文学的时代，探测到了双星星星（BNS）合并，GW 170817。这是一个新的和令人兴奋的天文学时代的曙光，通过LSC的组织和连贯的愿景成为可能。LSC的成功依赖于全球分布的团队。有效和高效的运营需要定期召开面对面的会议进行规划和审查。该项目为学习法委员会发言人和领导小组其他成员参加此类活动提供差旅费，还为学习法委员会研究员方案提供支助。该计划吸引了一批多样化和熟练的（主要是）初级研究人员在每个LIGO站点工作。参加者在观测运行期间监测数据质量，并与当地工程师和科学家合作，改进干涉仪的性能。LSC成员参与现场调查有助于提高LIGO探测器的灵敏度并增加其占空比;这扩展了探测器的科学范围。在LSC中培养和维持一批受过引力波科学培训的研究科学家对未来的观测至关重要。该奖项支持LIGO科学合作组织（LSC）的核心职能，以执行其科学使命，即利用引力波探索引力的基础物理学，并作为新的多信使天文发现工具。该补助金支持LSC活动费用的美国部分，约占所有费用的52%（884名成员中的444名）。LSC在每个成员的基础上征收活动费，以资助成员认为必不可少的关键计划和功能。这些包括LSC研究员计划，与合作论文相关的出版费，与组织责任相关的LSC服务旅行，以及LSC发言人的旅行。大约三分之二的活动费用于资助LSC研究员计划，该计划吸引了一批多样化和熟练的（主要是）初级研究人员在每个LIGO站点工作。该计划的目标是为LSC成员提供机会，让他们了解并为观测站的LIGO精密干涉仪做出贡献，让现场LSC科学家在观测运行期间监控数据质量，并补充当地工程师和科学家的活动，以提高干涉仪的性能。活动费评估确保合作论文的出版费，包括使开创性检测论文开放获取的费用，以及LSC发言人和其他成员与组织责任有关的差旅费，在合作成员之间平均分配。这笔费用还为可靠的互联网托管和身份服务提供资金，这两者对于LSC这样的大型合作至关重要。LSC通过其活动对研究、教育和公众对科学的理解产生了重大的积极影响。LSC培训初级科学家了解尖端LIGO探测器的设计和操作。通过LSC研究员计划获得的经验显着和积极影响初级科学家的理解和沟通能力的高技术性课题;这些都是学术界内外的重要技能。来自较小机构的学生和初级研究人员，其中一些是代表性不足的少数民族，获得了否则无法获得的资源。从长远来看，培养更多、更多样化的实验科学家群体将带来巨大的好处。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Gravitational-wave astronomy with a physical calibration model

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.122004
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: E. Payne;C. Talbot;P. Lasky;E. Thrane;J. Kissel

Quasi-monocrystalline silicon for low-noise end mirrors in cryogenic gravitational-wave detectors

用于低温引力波探测器低噪声端镜的准单晶硅

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.4.043043
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review Research
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Kiessling, Frank M.;Murray, Peter G.;Kinley-Hanlon, Maya;Buchovska, Iryna;Ervik, Torunn K.;Graham, Victoria;Hough, Jim;Johnston, Ross;Pietsch, Mike;Rowan, Sheila
• 通讯作者: Rowan, Sheila

Broadband Quantum Enhancement of the LIGO Detectors with Frequency-Dependent Squeezing

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.13.041021
• 发表时间: 2023-10
• 期刊: Physical Review X
• 影响因子: 12.5
• 作者: D. Ganapathy;W. Jia;M. Nakano;V. Xu;N. Aritomi;T. Cullen;N. Kijbunchoo;S. Dwyer;A. Mullavey;L. McCuller;R. Abbott;I. Abouelfettouh;R. Adhikari;A. Ananyeva;S. Appert;K. Arai;S. Aston;M. Ball;S. Ballmer;D. Barker;L. Barsotti;B. Berger;J. Betzwieser;D. Bhattacharjee;G. Billingsley;S. Biscans;N. Bode;E. Bonilla;V. Bossilkov;A. Branch;A. Brooks;D. D. Brown-D. ;J. Bryant;C. Cahillane;H. Cao;E. Capote;F. Clara;J. Collins;C. Compton;R. Cottingham;D. Coyne;R. Crouch;J. Csizmazia;L. Dartez;N. Demos;E. Dohmen;J. Driggers;A. Effler;A. Ejlli;T. Etzel;M. Evans;J. Feicht;R. Frey;W. Frischhertz;P. Fritschel;V. Frolov;P. Fulda;M. Fyffe;B. Gateley;J. Giaime;K. Giardina;J. Glanzer;E. Goetz;R. Goetz;A. W. Goodwin-Jones;S. Gras;C. Gray;D. Griffith;H. Grote;T. Guidry;E. Hall;J. Hanks;J. Hanson;M. Heintze;A. Helmling-Cornell;N. Holland;D. Hoyland;H. Y. Huang-H. Y.-Huang-2264474406;Y. Inoue;A. L. James;A. Jennings;S. Karat;S. Karki;M. Kasprzack;K. Kawabe;P. King;J. S. Kissel;K. Komori;A. Kontos;R. Kumar;K. Kuns;M. Landry;B. Lantz;M. Laxen;K. Lee;M. Lesovsky;F. Llamas;M. Lormand;H. Loughlin;R. Macas;M. Macinnis;C. Makarem;B. Mannix;G. Mansell;R. Martin;K. Mason;F. Matichard;N. Mavalvala;N. Maxwell;G. McCarrol;R. Mccarthy;D. McClelland;S. Mccormick;T. McRae;F. Mera;E. Merilh;F. Meylahn;R. Mittleman;D. Moraru;G. Moreno;T. Nelson;A. Neunzert;J. Notte;J. Oberling;T. O'Hanlon;C. Osthelder;D. Ottaway;H. Overmier;W. Parker;A. Pele;H. Pham;M. Pirello;V. Quetschke;K. Ramirez;J. Reyes;J. Richardson;M. Robinson;J. Rollins;C. Romel;J. Romie;M. Ross;K. Ryan;T. Sadecki;A. Sanchez;E. Sanchez;L. Sanchez;R. Savage;D. Schaetzl;M. Schiworski;R. Schnabel;R. Schofield;E. Schwartz;D. Sellers;T. Shaffer;R. Short;D. Sigg;B. Slagmolen;C. Soike;S. Soni;V. Srivastava;L. Sun;D. Tanner;M. Thomas;P. Thomas;K. Thorne;C. Torrie;G. Traylor;A. Ubhi;G. Vajente;J. Vanosky;A. Vecchio;P. Veitch;A. Vibhute;E. R. G. von Reis-E. R. G.-von-Reis-2180685285;J. Warner;B. Weaver;R. Weiss;C. Whittle;B. Willke;C. Wipf;H. Yamamoto;L. Zhang;M. Zucker

Advanced LIGO Laser Systems for O3 and Future Observation Runs

• DOI: 10.3390/galaxies8040084
• 发表时间: 2020-12
• 期刊: Galaxies
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: N. Bode;J. Briggs;Xu Chen;M. Frede;P. Fritschel;M. Fyffe;E. Gustafson;M. Heintze;P. King;Jian Liu;J. Oberling;R. Savage;A. Spencer;B. Willke

Erratum: “A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo” (2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

勘误表：“先进 LIGO 和 Virgo 第二次观测运行后哈勃常数的引力波测量”(2021, ApJ, 909, 218)

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4267
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Abbott, B. P.;Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.
• 通讯作者: Affeldt, C.