Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Labor Market Prospects of Students Exiting Higher Education

博士论文研究：高等教育毕业学生的劳动力市场前景

• 批准号: 1920714
• 负责人: Margot Jackson
• 金额: $ 2.44万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1920714&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Labor; Market

Millions of U.S. college graduates, who arrived in the country as young children, face restricted access to employment. A growing share of the population may therefore be highly-trained but under-employed. However, there is scant evidence evaluating whether, how, and why employers screen higher-educated job seekers for employment with respect to applicants' immigration status. This project tests the simultaneous effects of several variables, such as immigration status and ethno-racial identity, on college graduates' employment opportunities. It also evaluates whether employers' perceptions of job applicants, as well as employers' interpretation of applicable laws, help explain employers' decisions. This project provides insights into creating a better match in resources between the U.S. educational system and the labor market. This project consists of a field experiment and a survey experiment. In the field experiment, hypothetical resumes of college graduates are submitted online to real job postings in eight large cities. Differences in callback rates are calculated across five applicants, who are matched in all but a small number of critical respects (e.g., immigration status, ethno-racial identity). In the survey experiment, the same hypothetical resumes are shown to a national sample of employers. In addition to answering which applicant they would callback for an interview, employers also answer questions addressing their perceptions of the applicants and their knowledge of relevant laws. Employers' answers to these questions will be analyzed to determine whether they help explain differences in callback rates. This project advances theoretical understanding of whether and how laws shape the production of inequality among a growing share of the higher-educated population. It also makes theoretical contributions to the fields of law and society and inequality.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

数以百万计的美国大学毕业生在年幼时来到这个国家，面临就业限制。因此，越来越多的人口可能受过良好的培训，但就业不足。然而，很少有证据评估雇主是否、如何以及为什么根据申请人的移民身份筛选受过高等教育的求职者。该项目测试了几个变量，如移民身份和民族-种族认同，对大学毕业生就业机会的同时影响。它还评估雇主对求职者的看法以及雇主对适用法律的解释是否有助于解释雇主的决定。该项目提供了在美国教育系统和劳动力市场之间建立更好的资源匹配的见解。 本课题由野外实验和调查实验两部分组成。在实地实验中，大学毕业生的假设简历被在线提交给八个大城市的真实的招聘信息。回拨率的差异是在五个申请人之间计算的，除了少数关键方面（例如，移民身份、民族-种族身份）。在调查实验中，同样的假设简历被展示给全国雇主样本。除了回答他们将召回哪些申请人参加面试外，雇主还回答有关他们对申请人的看法和他们对相关法律的了解的问题。雇主对这些问题的回答将被分析，以确定它们是否有助于解释回拨率的差异。该项目推进了对法律是否以及如何在越来越多的受过高等教育的人口中形成不平等的理论理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。