Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Labor Market Prospects of Students Exiting Higher Education

数以百万计的美国大学毕业生在孩提时代就来到了美国，他们面临着就业机会有限的问题。因此，受过高培训但就业不足的人口比例可能会越来越高。然而，几乎没有证据来评估雇主是否、如何以及为什么根据申请者的移民身份来筛选受过高等教育的求职者。该项目测试了几个变量，如移民身份和种族认同，对大学毕业生就业机会的同时影响。它还评估雇主对求职者的看法以及雇主对适用法律的解释是否有助于解释雇主的决定。该项目为在美国教育系统和劳动力市场之间创造更好的资源匹配提供了见解。本项目由野外实验和测量实验两部分组成。在现场实验中，大学毕业生的假想简历被在线提交给八个大城市的真实招聘信息。计算了五个申请者的回调率差异，除了少数关键方面(例如，移民身份、族裔认同)，他们都是匹配的。在调查实验中，同样的假设简历被展示给全国范围内的雇主样本。除了回答他们会给哪个申请者打电话面试外，雇主还会回答他们对申请者的看法以及他们对相关法律的了解。我们将分析雇主对这些问题的回答，以确定它们是否有助于解释回拨费率的差异。这个项目推进了对法律是否以及如何在越来越多的受过高等教育的人口中产生不平等的理论理解。它还在法律、社会和不平等领域做出了理论贡献。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Millions of U.S. college graduates, who arrived in the country as young children, face restricted access to employment. A growing share of the population may therefore be highly-trained but under-employed. However, there is scant evidence evaluating whether, how, and why employers screen higher-educated job seekers for employment with respect to applicants' immigration status. This project tests the simultaneous effects of several variables, such as immigration status and ethno-racial identity, on college graduates' employment opportunities. It also evaluates whether employers' perceptions of job applicants, as well as employers' interpretation of applicable laws, help explain employers' decisions. This project provides insights into creating a better match in resources between the U.S. educational system and the labor market. This project consists of a field experiment and a survey experiment. In the field experiment, hypothetical resumes of college graduates are submitted online to real job postings in eight large cities. Differences in callback rates are calculated across five applicants, who are matched in all but a small number of critical respects (e.g., immigration status, ethno-racial identity). In the survey experiment, the same hypothetical resumes are shown to a national sample of employers. In addition to answering which applicant they would callback for an interview, employers also answer questions addressing their perceptions of the applicants and their knowledge of relevant laws. Employers' answers to these questions will be analyzed to determine whether they help explain differences in callback rates. This project advances theoretical understanding of whether and how laws shape the production of inequality among a growing share of the higher-educated population. It also makes theoretical contributions to the fields of law and society and inequality.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.