权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Moving from correlation to mechanism: testing the role of temperature and oxygen change in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event

从相关性转向机制：测试温度和氧气变化在奥陶纪大生物多样性事件中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
1922966
负责人：
Erik Sperling
金额：
$ 29.79万
依托单位：
Stanford University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1922966&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Moving correlation mechanism testing role

项目摘要

Oxygen levels and temperature change are generally recognized as two of the most important environmental factors affecting marine ecosystems, both in the geologic past and in the modern ocean. This project examines the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), a major increase in the diversity of marine life that occurred approximately 460 million years ago, when there were dramatic changes in oxygen levels and temperature. This project will use a unique combination of geological fieldwork, laboratory measurements of trace metal isotopes, Earth system modeling, and physiological insights from living organisms to understand the role that both oxygen and temperature play in driving major events in the history of life, such as evolutionary radiations and mass extinctions. The results also will help stakeholders better predict how modern global change will affect living marine populations, with implications for the future development of economic and food resources (e.g., fishing and aquaculture). This project will use an ecophysiological approach to test the causal role of oxygen and temperature change in driving biodiversity dynamics during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. This integrated project will 1) build a record of Ordovician oceanic redox change using new Mo and U trace metal isotope measurements, and compile temperature estimates from the literature, 2) conduct the necessary physiological measurements on brachiopods, bryozoans, mollusks, and echinoderms that are required to fully leverage the Metabolic Index in addressing paleontological questions, 3) use Earth system models to build a time series of model states consistent with available geochemical data, and 4) use the Metabolic Index to evaluate the proportion of biotic change observed in the fossil record during the GOBE that can be explained by oxygen, temperature, and their synergistic combination. The use of physiological measurements to understand how ecosystem reorganizations can be mediated at the organismal scale creates mechanistic links that complement the descriptive and correlative methods for testing hypotheses of climate-ecosystem linkages. Broader Impacts of this proposal include early career training, ecological conservation, and a STEM outreach project with local high school robotics teams.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

氧气水平和温度变化通常被认为是影响海洋生态系统的两个最重要的环境因素，无论是在过去的地质时期还是在现代海洋中。该项目研究了奥陶纪生物多样性大事件（GOBE），这是大约4.6亿年前海洋生物多样性的一次重大增加，当时氧气水平和温度发生了巨大变化。该项目将结合地质实地考察、痕量金属同位素的实验室测量、地球系统建模和生物体的生理学见解，了解氧气和温度在推动生命历史上的重大事件（如进化辐射和大规模灭绝）中所起的作用。研究结果还将帮助利益相关者更好地预测现代全球变化将如何影响海洋生物种群，并对未来经济和粮食资源（例如渔业和水产养殖）的发展产生影响。该项目将使用生态生理学方法来测试奥陶纪生物多样性大事件期间氧气和温度变化在驱动生物多样性动态中的因果作用。该综合项目将1)利用新的Mo和U痕量金属同位素测量建立奥陶纪海洋氧化还原变化记录，并根据文献编制温度估算；2)对腕足类、苔藓虫、软体动物和棘皮动物进行必要的生理测量，以充分利用代谢指数来解决古生物问题。3)利用地球系统模型建立与现有地球化学数据一致的模型状态时间序列；4)利用代谢指数（Metabolic Index）评估GOBE化石记录中观测到的可由氧、温度及其协同组合解释的生物变化比例。利用生理测量来了解生态系统重组是如何在有机体尺度上介导的，创造了机制联系，补充了测试气候-生态系统联系假设的描述性和相关方法。该提案的广泛影响包括早期职业培训，生态保护以及与当地高中机器人团队的STEM外展项目。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The Road River Group of northern Yukon, Canada: early Paleozoic deep-water sedimentation within the Great American Carbonate Bank

DOI：
10.1139/cjes-2020-0017
发表时间：
2020-04
期刊：
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
J. Strauss;T. Fraser;M. Melchin;T. J. Allen;Joseph Malinowski;Xiahong Feng;John F. Taylor;J. Day;Benjamin C Gill;E. Sperling
通讯作者：
J. Strauss;T. Fraser;M. Melchin;T. J. Allen;Joseph Malinowski;Xiahong Feng;John F. Taylor;J. Day;Benjamin C Gill;E. Sperling

Variable redox conditions as an evolutionary driver? A multi-basin comparison of redox in the middle and later Cambrian oceans (Drumian-Paibian)

DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110209
发表时间：
2021-02-02
期刊：
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
影响因子：
3
作者：
LeRoy, Matthew A.;Gill, Benjamin C.;Park, Tae-Yoon S.
通讯作者：
Park, Tae-Yoon S.

Isotopic analyses of Ordovician–Silurian siliceous skeletons indicate silica‐depleted Paleozoic oceans

DOI：
10.1111/gbi.12449
发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
Geobiology
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
E. Trower;J. Strauss;E. Sperling;W. Fischer
通讯作者：
E. Trower;J. Strauss;E. Sperling;W. Fischer

Metabolic tradeoffs control biodiversity gradients through geological time

DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.021
发表时间：
2021-07-12
期刊：
CURRENT BIOLOGY
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Boag, Thomas H.;Gearty, William;Stockey, Richard G.
通讯作者：
Stockey, Richard G.

Breathless through Time: Oxygen and Animals across Earth’s History

DOI：
10.1086/721754
发表时间：
2022-09
期刊：
The Biological Bulletin
影响因子：
0
作者：
E. Sperling;Thomas H. Boag;Murray I. Duncan;Cecilia R. Endriga;J. Marquez;D. B. Mills;P. Monarrez
通讯作者：
E. Sperling;Thomas H. Boag;Murray I. Duncan;Cecilia R. Endriga;J. Marquez;D. B. Mills;P. Monarrez