Changes in Internal Wave Driven Diapycnal Mixing

内波驱动的二重混合的变化

• 批准号: 1923558
• 负责人: Caitlin Whalen
• 金额: $ 29.27万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1923558&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Changes; Internal; Wave; Driven; Diapycnal

The oceans are the largest sink of anthropogenic warming, and a large portion of this heat is accumulating in the deep ocean. Understanding what is driving this deep warming, and how the climate system will respond to it, is vital to accurately forecasting how the ocean will take up anthropogenic heat in the future. One important process is ocean mixing between different densities (diapycnal mixing), which both depends on and directly affects heat distribution within the ocean. Yet to our knowledge there have been no studies using observations to explore how ocean mixing may be changing in response to climate change, which would directly affect how heat is taken up and stored within the ocean in the future. The ultimate goal of this study is to provide the first such observational estimate of mixing changes in the ocean over the last few decades. One undergraduate summer student will be supported on this grant, in addition to the support of an early career observationalist. Much of the mixing in the ocean interior is due to internal gravity waves whose generation, propagation, and breaking all depend on the background stratification. This background stratification evolves from changes in the temperature and salinity of the water, which vary by location in the ocean. The mixing due to internal waves is also expected to change. However, it is not known whether that will make a substantial contribution to the energy or heat budgets of the ocean. This project aims to place observational bounds on the change in mixing, addressing the questions: Where, and to what extent, is diapycnal mixing in the ocean changing on climate scales? Is this change large enough to influence abyssal heat budgets? Is the planned observational infrastructure sufficient for measuring the changes in mixing? These questions will be addressed through analysis of data collected during global repeat hydrographic surveys. Using these hydrographic sections, the investigator will explore the stratification change with time on a global scale, and link these observations to known water property changes. The change in diapycnal mixing and associated uncertainties will then be calculated over the hydrographic sections using estimates of mixing from temperature, salinity, and pressure data. Finally, the importance of these changes will be considered by applying the calculated changes in mixing to heat budgets of enclosed abyssal basins.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋是人为变暖的最大汇，其中很大一部分热量积累在深海。了解是什么推动了这种深度变暖，以及气候系统将如何应对它，对于准确预测海洋未来将如何吸收人为热量至关重要。一个重要的过程是不同密度之间的海洋混合（贯叶混合），它既取决于又直接影响海洋内的热量分布。然而，据我们所知，还没有研究使用观测来探索海洋混合如何响应气候变化而发生变化，这将直接影响未来海洋中热量的吸收和储存。这项研究的最终目标是提供过去几十年来海洋混合变化的第一个这样的观测估计。一个本科暑期学生将支持这个补助金，除了早期职业观察家的支持。海洋内部的大部分混合是由于内部重力波的产生，传播和破碎都取决于背景层结。这种背景分层是由于海水温度和盐度的变化而产生的，而温度和盐度在海洋中的位置各不相同。由于内波的混合预计也会改变。然而，尚不清楚这是否会对海洋的能量或热量收支作出重大贡献。这个项目的目的是把观测范围的混合变化，解决的问题：在哪里，以及在何种程度上，是在海洋中的diapycnal混合气候尺度上的变化？这种变化大到足以影响深海热收支吗？计划中的观测基础设施是否足以测量混合的变化？这些问题将通过分析全球重复水文调查期间收集的数据加以解决。利用这些水文剖面，研究人员将探索全球范围内随时间的分层变化，并将这些观察结果与已知的水属性变化联系起来。然后，将使用温度、盐度和压力数据的混合估计值，在水文剖面上计算出底圆混合的变化和相关的不确定性。最后，这些变化的重要性将通过应用计算的混合变化来考虑封闭的深海盆地的热收支。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Diapycnal Mixing in the Indian Ocean

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jc017257
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: K. Katsumata;L. Talley;T. A. Capuano;C. Whalen

A Parameterization of Local and Remote Tidal Mixing

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ms002065
• 发表时间: 2020-05-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
• 影响因子: 6.8
• 作者: de Lavergne, C.;Vic, C.;Hibiya, T.
• 通讯作者: Hibiya, T.

Serendipitous Internal Wave Signals in Deep Argo Data

深海 Argo 数据中偶然发现的内波信号

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl097900
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Johnson, Gregory C.;Whalen, Caitlin B.;Purkey, Sarah G.;Zilberman, Nathalie
• 通讯作者: Zilberman, Nathalie

Abyssal Heat Budget in the Southwest Pacific Basin

西南太平洋盆地的深海热量收支

• DOI: 10.1175/jpo-d-21-0045.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Physical Oceanography
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Lele, Ratnaksha;Purkey, Sarah G.;Nash, Jonathan D.;MacKinnon, Jennifer A.;Thurnherr, Andreas M.;Whalen, Caitlin B.;Mecking, Sabine;Voet, Gunnar;Talley, Lynne D.
• 通讯作者: Talley, Lynne D.

Internal wave-driven mixing: governing processes and consequences for climate

• DOI: 10.1038/s43017-020-0097-z
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
• 影响因子: 42.1
• 作者: C. Whalen;C. de Lavergne;A. N. Naveira Garabato;J. Klymak;J. MacKinnon;K. Sheen