NCS-FO: Understanding How Prior Knowledge Shapes Visual Perception in the Individual Brain

过去的经历有力地塑造了我们的日常感知，所以我们对周围世界的感知不仅反映了影响我们感官的刺激输入，而且还强烈地塑造了我们已经知道的东西。真实世界中的感觉输入往往是模棱两可的，因此结合过去经验的先验知识对于现实、复杂环境中的感知处理尤为重要。当这个过程出错时，过去的经历可能会压倒感官输入，导致幻觉。通过这个项目，一个在认知神经科学、临床神经学和多模式人脑成像方面拥有专业知识的跨学科研究团队将解决来自过去经验的先前知识如何指导人脑感知视觉处理的问题。研究小组将进一步调查这些机制中的个体变异性，并测试它们对精神疾病连续体上的人格特征是否具有预测能力。这个项目使用了一个强大的、戏剧性的感知范式来阐明过去的经历如何塑造当前的感知处理。该项目将心理物理学与尖端的人脑成像技术相结合，将在大脑区域内的局部处理、区域间信息传输和大规模脑动力学水平上剖析先前经验对人类视觉感知影响的神经机制。此外，知觉依赖于先验知识的程度因健康人和精神病患者而异。该项目将利用一般人群的差异来确定哪些神经机制导致个人对先验知识的感知的可变性，并进一步测试这种神经机制是否可以预测一个人的精神倾向？S。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Past experiences powerfully shape our daily perception, so our perception of the world around us not only reflects the stimuli input impinging on our senses but is also strongly shaped by what we already know. Sensory input in the real world is often ambiguous, thus incorporating prior knowledge from past experiences is particularly important for perceptual processing in realistic, complex environments. When this process goes awry, past experiences may overwhelm sensory input and cause hallucinations. Through this project, an interdisciplinary research team with expertise in cognitive neuroscience, clinical neurology, and multi-modal human brain imaging will tackle the question of how prior knowledge from past experiences guides perceptual visual processing in the human brain. The research team will further investigate individual variability in these mechanisms and test whether they have predictive power for personality traits that lie on a continuum with mental illnesses. This project employs a robust, dramatic perceptual paradigm to shed light on how past experiences shape current perceptual processing. Combining psychophysics with cutting-edge human brain imaging technologies, this project will dissect the neural mechanisms underlying the influence of prior experience on human visual perception at the levels of local processing within a brain region, inter-areal information transmission, and large-scale brain dynamics. Further, the extent to which perception relies on prior knowledge varies across healthy individuals and psychiatric patients. This project will capitalize on variations in the general population to determine which neural mechanisms drive individual variability in the reliance of perception on prior knowledge, and further test whether such neural mechanisms can predict an individual?s propensity to psychosis.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.