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EAGER: Marine Sky Brightening: Prospects and Consequences

EAGER：海洋天空增亮：前景和后果

基本信息

批准号：
1931641
负责人：
Benjamin Kravitz
金额：
$ 30万
依托单位：
Indiana University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-07-01 至 2022-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1931641&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
EAGER Marine Sky Brightening Prospects

项目摘要

Solar geoengineering discussions have largely focused on stratospheric sulfate aerosols and Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB). However, both of these methods of solar geoengineering necessarily have limits in terms of their ranges of achievable climates, their potential side effects, and their uncertainties. Studying other methods of solar geoengineering is essential for expanding the options available to society for addressing climate change. Studies of Marine Sky Brightening (MSB) have the potential to fundamentally alter discourse about solar geoengineering, as well as open up new avenues of research that have been heretofore under-studied. This project is focused on MSB.Marine Sky Brightening (MSB) is a proposed method of solar geoengineering whereby sea salt particles are injected into the marine boundary layer. Like Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB), a related geoengineering technique, MSB would brighten clouds, increasing albedo and cooling the planet. However, preliminary modeling studies of MSB have shown that radiative forcing from direct scattering by the sea salt aerosols can be of a similar magnitude to radiative forcing from cloud brightening. Moreover, although MSB may be less efficient than MCB at exerting radiative forcing, it may not be as dependent upon local meteorological conditions: not all clouds can be brightened, and some areas that may be desirable to cool don't have clouds. This project includes a systematic exploration of MSB in a hierarchy of models, including radiative transfer models to understand optimal particle size for scattering, regional models and large eddy simulators to understand boundary layer dynamics and local climate effects.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

太阳地球工程的讨论主要集中在平流层硫酸盐气溶胶和海洋云增亮（MCB）。然而，这两种太阳地球工程方法在可实现的气候范围、潜在的副作用和不确定性方面都有局限性。研究太阳能地球工程的其他方法对于扩大社会应对气候变化的选择至关重要。海洋天空增亮（MSB）的研究有可能从根本上改变有关太阳地球工程的讨论，并开辟迄今为止研究不足的新途径。海洋增亮（MSB）是一种拟议的太阳能地球工程方法，将海盐颗粒注入海洋边界层。就像海洋云增亮（MCB），一种相关的地球工程技术，MSB会使云增亮，增加降雨量，使地球降温。然而，对MSB的初步模拟研究表明，海盐气溶胶直接散射的辐射强迫与云增亮的辐射强迫具有相似的量级。此外，虽然MSB在施加辐射强迫方面可能不如MCB有效，但它可能不依赖于当地的气象条件：并非所有的云都可以变亮，并且一些可能需要冷却的地区没有云。该项目包括在一系列模型中对MSB进行系统的探索，包括了解散射最佳颗粒尺寸的辐射传输模型、了解边界层动力学和局部气候影响的区域模型和大涡模拟器。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。