CAREER: Soil Pedogenesis, Agroecology, and Their Interactions

人类通过农业以多种方式影响土壤：去除养分、改变地表、改变植被等。通过改变土壤，人类也在改变这些土壤上农业的未来潜力。这个项目使用夏威夷岛作为一个模型系统，以了解几个世纪的农业是如何影响土壤的。夏威夷是一个很好的研究系统，因为不同年龄的熔岩流和广泛的降雨梯度相结合，创造了不同的土壤类型，因为夏威夷农民在不同的土壤上使用不同的农业策略。在当今世界努力解决农业可持续性问题之际，此类研究极为重要。通过了解农业适应和土著农业的长期可持续性，我们可以学习如何保持农业可持续的土壤。该项目还将培训大量本科生和研究生，包括夏威夷土著人，该项目建立在夏威夷土壤成土作用研究的基础上，利用人类相对较短的居住时间，（大约一千年），以了解人类活动对土壤的整体影响。项目数据将增进对土壤成土作用和土壤地球化学的了解，同时在生态位构建框架内使用跨学科方法量化工业化前人类对土壤的影响。首要的假设是，生态位农业生态建设的前工业化农业在夏威夷高度依赖于相互作用和反馈的地球化学环境。该研究小组将追求五个具体目标：（1）使用土壤，元素和同位素分析来表征和绘制自然土壤地球化学;（2）使用植物微遗迹，历史文献，遥感和地理空间建模的混合方法绘制农业战略;（3）通过土壤科学和地球化学建模记录和量化人类对土壤和地球化学循环的改变;（4）通过土壤科学和地球化学建模来记录和量化人类对土壤和地球化学循环的改变。（4）建立基于地球化学驱动因素的农业生态形式的预测性地理空间模型;（5）在夏威夷土著社会生态系统的生物文化恢复中的进一步研究结果。该奖项由生态系统科学集群（BIO/DEB）和考古计划（SBE/BCS）共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Humans affect soils through agriculture in several ways: removing nutrients, altering ground surfaces, changing vegetation, and so on. By changing the soil, people are also changing the future potential of agriculture on those soils. This project uses Hawai'i Island as a model system to understand how centuries of farming has impacted the soils. Hawai'i is an excellent study system because of the diverse soil types created by the combination of different aged lava flows and broad rainfall gradients, and because of the diverse agricultural strategies Hawaiian farmers used on the different soils. Such studies are extremely important today as the world grapples with agricultural sustainability. By learning about agricultural adaptation and the long-term sustainability of indigenous agriculture we can learn how to maintain agriculturally sustainable soils. This project will also train a significant number of undergraduate and graduate students, including Native Hawaiians, and will engage middle and high school students in Hawai'i in learning about the history of social and agricultural practices of their home.This project builds upon a foundation of soil pedogenesis work in Hawai'i and leverages the relatively short time frame of human occupation (approximately one millennia) to understand anthropogenic impacts on soils in their entirety. Project data will advance knowledge of soil pedogenesis and biogeochemistry while using interdisciplinary methods to quantify pre-industrial human impact on soils within a framework of niche construction. The overarching hypothesis is that niche agroecological construction of pre-industrial agriculture in Hawai'i was highly dependent on interaction with and feedback to the biogeochemical environment. The research team will pursue five specific aims: (1) use soil, elemental, and isotopic analysis to characterize and map natural soil biogeochemistry; (2) map agricultural strategies using mixed methods of plant micro-remains, historical documentation, remote sensing, and geospatial modeling; (3) document and quantify human alteration of soils and biogeochemical cycling through soil science and biogeochemical modeling; (4) create predictive geospatial models of agroecological forms based on biogeochemical drivers; and (5) further situate findings within the biocultural restoration of Native Hawaiian socioecosystems. This award was co-funded by the Ecosystem Science Cluster (BIO/DEB) and the Archaeology Program (SBE/BCS).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.