NEM-EMERGE: An integrated set of novel approaches to counter the emergence and proliferation of invasive and virulent soil-borne nematodes

土壤传播的植物寄生线虫是全球粮食生产的生物安全风险，全球估计每年损失1100亿欧元。根结线虫(RKN)和马铃薯孢囊线虫(PCN)在危害严重的植物寄生线虫中排名前10位，仅根结线虫就占全球农作物损失的5%左右。RKN和PCN是列在EPPO警报名单上的A2检疫有害生物或新兴物种。这两个PCN物种也包括在欧盟委员会实施2021/2285号条例的范围内。最近的报告证明，由于两个独立的驱动因素：全球变暖和基因选择，欧洲及其他地区的番茄和马铃薯种植出现了新的RKN和PCN问题。几十年来，非特定的、对环境有害的农用化学品一直被用于管理RKN和PCN。人们对其负面影响的认识日益增强，促使逐步淘汰了大多数杀线虫剂。因此，迫切需要新的、持久的控制战略，使利益攸关方能够做出适当的反应，以防止欧盟和其他地区的作物损失。NEM-Emerge将根据IPM原则为传统和有机农业部门提供一系列可持续的、以科学为基础的解决方案，包括(1)包括覆盖作物在内的优化作物轮作方案，(2)量身定制的寄主植物抗性，以及(3)土壤本地拮抗潜力的最佳利用。此外，还将生成监测和风险评估工具，以支持植物卫生当局的决策和政策制定。为确保在该部门采用和实施非新兴市场工具，将根据传统部门和有机部门的利益攸关方需求，采用自下而上的共同创造过程和多行为者办法。这使得NEM-Emerge成为按照农场到餐桌战略向可持续农业过渡的关键驱动力，从而为绿色交易设定的具有挑战性的目标做出了贡献。

Soil-borne plant-parasitic nematodes are a biosecurity risk for global food production with an estimated annual loss of €110 billion worldwide. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) and potato cyst nematodes (PCN) rank 1 and 2 in the Top 10 of high-impact plant-parasitic nematodes with RKN alone accounting for ~5% of global crop losses. RKN and PCN are A2 quarantine pests or emerging species listed on the EPPO Alert List. The two PCN species are also included in EU Commission implementing regulation 2021/2285. Recent reports document the emergence of new RKN and PCN problems in tomato and potato cropping across Europe and beyond due to two independent drivers: global warming and genetic selection. For decades, non-specific, environmentally harmful agrochemicals have been applied to manage RKN and PCN. The increasing awareness about their negative impact prompted the phasing out of most nematicides. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel, durable control strategies that enable adequate responses by stakeholders to prevent crop losses in the EU and beyond. NEM-EMERGE will provide a spectrum of sustainable, science-based solutions for both the conventional and organic farming sector based on the principles of IPM, including (1) optimized crop rotations schemes including cover crops, (2) tailored host plant resistances, and (3) optimal use of the native antagonistic potential of soils. Moreover, monitoring and risk assessment tools will be generated to support Plant Health Authorities in decision and policy making. To ensure the adoption and implementation of NEM-EMERGE tools in the sector, a bottom-up co-creation process and multi-actor approach will be used based on stakeholder demands from both the conventional and organic sector. This makes NEM-EMERGE a key driver for the transition to sustainable farming in line with the Farm to Fork Strategy thereby contributing to the challenging targets set by the Green Deal.