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CAREER: Harnessing the plant mobileome to predict, design, and deliver long-distance RNAs in plants

职业：利用植物移动组来预测、设计和传递植物中的长距离 RNA

基本信息

批准号：
1942437
负责人：
Margaret Frank
金额：
$ 130.21万
依托单位：
Cornell University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-03-01 至 2025-02-28
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1942437&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Harnessing plant mobileome predict

项目摘要

Grafting is used in many crop plants to boost productivity, confer tolerance to sub-optimal environments and diseases, and facilitate efficient harvesting through modified shoot structure. Despite its widespread use, a basic understanding of the mechanisms that underlie successful graft combinations is lacking, making it impossible to precisely predict beneficial graft combinations. Research conducted on this project will help elucidate the mechanisms that underlie communication between grafted root and shoot systems. Progress in this area has the potential to transform the practice of grafting into a more precise science, enabling scientists and farmers to rapidly adapt crops to combat new diseases, handle environmental fluctuations, and restructure growth habits for improved crop productivity. In addition to providing research training for undergraduate students, graduate students, and a postdoctoral researcher, the project will emphasize science communication, and students will help design and host public workshops on plant grafting. Related undergraduate training will be offered through the implementation of a novel visual and experiential learning pedagogy, based on 3-dimensional X-ray imaging and other hands-on image capture activities, for Cornell’s introductory undergraduate botany course. Long-distance signaling is known to play a fundamental role in the growth and stress response mechanisms in plants, as well as related processes including grafting, and thus is critical from an agricultural point of view. Unfortunately, the processes underlying these signaling pathways remain poorly understood, even at the most basic level. A prime example involves the role of mRNAs in long-distance signaling, which until recently were assumed to function almost exclusively within the cells where they are produced. However, new studies that rely on polymorphism-based detection of mobile transcripts between heterografted root and shoot systems demonstrate that a large number of distinct RNA species move across distant organ systems. The potential significance of this plant “mobileome” is a heavily debated topic, with widespread disagreement over whether mobile RNAs represent a collection of long-distance signals or are simply noise in the vascular system. Much of this controversy is due to the lack of fundamental knowledge about how the plant mobileome works. The research objectives of this proposal are: 1) to resolve the fundamental question of whether mRNAs play a crucial role in long-distance signaling and grafting; 2) to more generally explore the mobility of mRNA in plants; and 3) to further our understanding of the mechanisms of transport as a means to realize the long-term goal of engineering and deploying artificial mRNAs to confer agriculturally desirable traits. These goals will be achieved through the production of novel genomic resources, and the use of temporal sampling, computational genomics, and high-resolution, in vivo RNA imaging, which will ultimately provide insight into the dynamic behavior of long-distance RNA movement.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

嫁接在许多农作物中被用来提高生产力，赋予对次优环境和疾病的耐受性，并通过改变地上部结构来促进高效收割。尽管它被广泛使用，但对成功的移植物组合背后的机制缺乏基本的了解，使得准确预测有益的移植物组合是不可能的。对该项目进行的研究将有助于阐明嫁接的根和地上部系统之间的通讯机制。这一领域的进展有可能将嫁接实践转变为一门更精确的科学，使科学家和农民能够迅速调整作物以抗击新疾病，应对环境波动，并调整生长习惯，以提高作物生产率。除了为本科生、研究生和博士后研究员提供研究培训外，该项目还将强调科学交流，学生将帮助设计和主办植物嫁接公共研讨会。在康奈尔大学植物学入门课程中，将通过实施基于三维X射线成像和其他动手图像捕获活动的新型视觉和体验式学习教学法，提供相关的本科生培训。长距离信号在植物的生长和胁迫反应机制以及包括嫁接在内的相关过程中发挥着重要作用，因此从农业的角度来看是至关重要的。不幸的是，这些信号通路背后的过程仍然知之甚少，甚至在最基本的水平上也是如此。一个最好的例子涉及到mRNAs在长距离信号传递中的作用，直到最近，人们还认为mRNAs几乎只在产生mRNAs的细胞内发挥作用。然而，新的研究依赖于基于多态的检测异种嫁接的根和地上部系统之间的可移动转录本，表明大量不同的RNA物种跨越遥远的器官系统移动。这种植物“移动体”的潜在意义是一个争论不休的话题，对于移动RNA是代表长距离信号的集合，还是仅仅是血管系统中的噪音，人们普遍存在分歧。这些争议很大程度上是由于缺乏关于植物移动体如何工作的基础知识。这一建议的研究目标是：1)解决mRNAs是否在长距离信号传递和嫁接中发挥关键作用的根本问题；2)更广泛地探索植物中mRNAs的移动性；以及3)加深我们对运输机制的理解，以实现设计和部署人工mRNAs以赋予农业上所需性状的长期目标。这些目标将通过生产新的基因组资源，以及使用时间采样、计算基因组学和高分辨率活体RNA成像来实现，最终将提供对远程RNA运动的动态行为的洞察。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。