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CAREER: Water movement in leaves and roots of C3 and C4 grasses: mechanisms, coordination and impact on whole plant growth during soil and atmospheric drought

职业：C3 和 C4 草叶和根中的水分运动：土壤和大气干旱期间对整个植物生长的机制、协调和影响

基本信息

批准号：
1943583
负责人：
Christine Scoffoni
金额：
$ 89.14万
依托单位：
California State L A University Auxiliary Services Inc.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-06-01 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1943583&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Water movement leaves roots

项目摘要

Two major challenges in plant sciences are to understand the mechanisms leading to the decline in plant growth during drought and pinpoint traits that enable some plants to be more drought resistant than others. Identifying these traits can help inform crop breeders in the development of drought tolerant crops. Research addressing these challenges is needed for grasses, which dominate about 40% of terrestrial surfaces and include some of the most important crops, such as cereals and forage grasses. Grasses are particularly interesting as they exhibit unique diversity in their photosynthetic machinery, and it remains unclear how this diversity relates to differences in plant water movement during soil and atmospheric drought. The goal of this research is to unravel the specific mechanisms which lead photosynthetically diverse crop grasses to decline in growth during drought and how they recover upon re-watering. This work will focus on disentangling the root and leaf responses of diverse grasses during soil and atmospheric drought using cutting-edge imaging techniques, new physiological approaches and modelling. The project will integrate a plan of research and education at a minority-serving undergraduate institution in East Los Angeles— one of the largest concentrations of ethnic minority groups in the nation. Research-like modules integrated throughout the undergraduate curriculum will expose 240 students/year to experimental design and critical thinking in plant sciences. Outreach activities led by undergraduate students will help inspire students at underserved schools of East Los Angeles into higher education and plant sciences.This project seeks to rigorously test mechanisms underlying the coordination in leaf and root hydraulic conductance of C3 and C4 grasses during soil and atmospheric drought and subsequent recovery. Three specific objectives will be carried out: (1) Determine the coordination in leaf and root hydraulic decline with stomatal conductance during dehydration and the underlying mechanisms leading to their decline; (2) Quantify the effects of grass vein anatomy and biochemistry on leaf and root hydraulic conductance during dehydration and rehydration using rice mutants; (3) Achieve a new integrated understanding of the effects of soil and atmospheric drought on leaf and root hydraulic conductance and their impact on plant growth. To carry out these objectives, a large suite of physiological and anatomical traits including leaf and root hydraulics and gas exchange and cutting-edge imaging techniques will be performed on 12 diverse C3 and C4 grasses, and 11 rice aquaporin and vein mutants and their wild type growing in a greenhouse under different soil and atmospheric drought conditions. Simulations using spatially-explicit and whole plant modelling will be employed to test the causality behind specific hypotheses. This work will create new concepts and essential data to help improve predictive models of plant growth and responses to climate change. The educational plan will help transform the experience of students at CSULA, a minority serving institution, through research-infused lectures, a Course Undergraduate Research Experience and student-led outreach activities at local underserved schools.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物科学面临的两大挑战是了解干旱期间导致植物生长下降的机制，以及确定使某些植物比其他植物更具抗旱性的性状。识别这些性状可以帮助作物育种者开发耐旱作物。草占陆地表面的40%左右，包括一些最重要的作物，如谷物和牧草。草特别有趣，因为它们在光合作用机制中表现出独特的多样性，目前还不清楚这种多样性如何与土壤和大气干旱期间植物水分运动的差异有关。本研究的目的是揭示导致光合作用多样性作物草在干旱期间生长下降的具体机制，以及它们如何在重新浇水后恢复。这项工作将侧重于利用尖端成像技术、新的生理学方法和建模，解开土壤和大气干旱期间各种草的根和叶的反应。该项目将在东洛杉矶的一所少数民族服务本科院校整合一项研究和教育计划，该院校是全国少数民族最大的集中地之一。整个本科课程中集成的研究类模块将使240名学生/年接触植物科学的实验设计和批判性思维。由本科生领导的外展活动将有助于激励东洛杉矶服务不足的学校的学生进入高等教育和植物科学。本项目旨在严格测试C3和C4草在土壤和大气干旱及随后恢复期间叶和根水力传导协调的机制。本研究的具体目标有三：（1）确定叶片和根系在脱水过程中水力下降与气孔导度的协调关系以及导致其下降的内在机制;（2）利用水稻突变体，量化草脉解剖和生物化学对脱水和复水过程中叶片和根系水力导度的影响;（3）对土壤和大气干旱对叶和根水力传导的影响及其对植物生长的影响有新的综合认识。为了实现这些目标，将对12种不同的C3和C4草以及11种水稻水通道蛋白和静脉突变体及其野生型在不同土壤和大气干旱条件下生长的温室中进行一系列生理和解剖特征，包括叶和根水力学和气体交换以及尖端成像技术。将使用空间显式和整厂建模的模拟来测试特定假设背后的因果关系。这项工作将创造新的概念和必要的数据，以帮助改善植物生长和应对气候变化的预测模型。该教育计划将有助于改变学生在CSULA，少数民族服务机构的经验，通过研究注入讲座，本科生研究经验课程和学生主导的外展活动在当地服务不足的学校。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。