CAREER: Volcano-Tectonic Interactions During Early Phases of Continental Rifting

职业：大陆裂谷早期阶段的火山-构造相互作用

• 批准号: 1943681
• 负责人: Dorothy Stamps
• 金额: $ 62.5万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1943681&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Volcano; Tectonic; Interactions; During

Continental rifting is a fundamental facet of plate tectonic theory and is being intensely studied by a range of researchers. Several projects focus on later stages of continental rifting, but this work aims to investigate early processes - when a continent is just beginning to break apart. The East African Rift System (EARS) is an archetype continental rift system, thus an ideal place to study continental rifting. This CAREER project investigates the Natron Rift, a part of the EARS that resides in Tanzania and expresses early phase rifting. Melted and partially molten rock beneath the surface has been shown to play an important role in accommodating faulting during continental rifting, but the influence of active volcanism and the volcanic plumbing system remains debated. In the Natron Rift, an active volcano is juxtaposed by the Natron Fault, the major rift border fault in the region. This project will tackle 2 fundamental issues using new and existing surface motion observations and computational modeling: 1) elucidating volcano-tectonic interactions during early phases of continental rifting and, in turn, 2) advancing our understanding of volcanic eruptive processes. Utilizing surface motion data, an integrated 4-step computational modeling approach of the volcano-border fault system will be used that involves simplistic models of the system’s geometry, 3D physics-based models of the same system, eruptive processes modeling, and the application of a technique that detects anomalous behavior of the volcano. The Educational component of this CAREER engages a range of students, particularly underrepresented groups, towards increasing diversity in the geosciences. An undergraduate training opportunity will prepare students for graduate studies in the geosciences trough coding and data analysis. High school outreach will impact over 200 students with diverse backgrounds. Furthering our understanding of volcanic hazards is a natural broader impact of this project.It has long been recognized that continental rifting is initiated through mechanical stretching and/or magma (including fluids)-assisted processes, but the role of volcanism during early phase rifting remains elusive. The goals of this project are to tackle 2 key scientific objectives: (1) elucidating the volcano-tectonic process during early phase rifting and, in turn, (2) advancing our understanding of volcanic eruptive processes. The natural laboratory is the Ol Doinyo Lengai-Natron Border Fault system of the Natron Rift, an early phase rift in the East African Rift System. This region comprises the only accessible volcano-border fault system in an immature continental rift. This study uses open-access data from a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to observe the active volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai and computational modeling to address the scientific objectives. Modeling components include simple analytical forward models with dMODELS, magma-physics models of the volcanic system, finite element modeling with PyLith, and an inversion technique to detect potential transients in the GNSS data. Results from the main project on early phase rifting will be compared with intermediate and mature phase rifting settings that have volcanoes to better understand how the physics of volcano-tectonic interactions during early phase rifting may be linked with the evolution of later phase continental rifting.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

大陆裂谷作用是板块构造理论的一个基本方面，目前正受到一系列研究人员的深入研究。有几个项目关注大陆裂谷的后期阶段，但这项工作旨在研究早期过程-当大陆刚刚开始分裂时。东非裂谷系是典型的大陆裂谷系，是研究大陆裂谷作用的理想场所。这个CAREER项目调查了纳特龙裂谷，这是位于坦桑尼亚的EARS的一部分，表达了早期裂谷作用。地表下熔融和部分熔融的岩石已被证明在大陆裂谷期间的适应断层作用中发挥重要作用，但活火山作用和火山管道系统的影响仍有争议。在纳特龙裂谷，一座活火山与纳特龙断层并列，这是该地区主要的裂谷边界断层。该项目将利用新的和现有的地表运动观测和计算建模来解决两个基本问题：1）阐明大陆裂谷早期阶段的火山-构造相互作用，2）推进我们对火山喷发过程的理解。利用地表运动数据，一个综合的4步计算建模方法的火山边界断层系统将被使用，涉及系统的几何形状，三维物理为基础的模型相同的系统，喷发过程建模，并应用技术，检测异常的火山行为的简单化模型。该职业的教育部分吸引了一系列学生，特别是代表性不足的群体，以增加地球科学的多样性。本科生培训机会将为学生在地球科学通过编码和数据分析研究生学习做好准备。高中外联活动将影响200多名不同背景的学生。促进我们对火山灾害的理解是这个项目的一个自然的更广泛的影响。长期以来，人们一直认为大陆裂谷是通过机械拉伸和/或岩浆（包括流体）辅助过程开始的，但火山作用在早期裂谷中的作用仍然难以捉摸。该项目的目标是解决两个关键的科学目标：（1）阐明早期裂谷期间的火山构造过程，反过来，（2）推进我们对火山喷发过程的理解。天然实验室是纳特龙裂谷的Ol Doinyo Lengai-Natron边界断层系统，这是东非裂谷系统的早期裂谷。这一地区包括一个未成熟大陆裂谷中唯一可进入的火山边界断层系统。这项研究使用全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的开放获取数据来观察活火山Ol Doinyo Lengai和计算建模，以解决科学目标。建模组件包括使用dMODELS的简单分析正演模型、火山系统的岩浆物理模型、使用PyLith的有限元建模以及用于检测全球导航卫星系统数据中潜在瞬变的反演技术。早期裂谷作用的主要项目的结果将与有火山的中期和成熟期裂谷作用进行比较，以更好地了解火山的物理性质如何影响地壳的运动。早期裂谷作用期间的构造相互作用可能与晚期大陆裂谷作用的演化有关。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的评估被认为值得支持。影响审查标准。

项目成果

Toward Autonomous Detection of Anomalous GNSS Data Via Applied Unsupervised Artificial Intelligence

• DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x22400025
• 发表时间: 2022-03-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEMANTIC COMPUTING
• 影响因子: 0.8
• 作者: Dye, Mike;Stamps, D. Sarah;Saria, Elifuraha
• 通讯作者: Saria, Elifuraha

Tanzania, Natron Rift 2022

坦桑尼亚, 纳特龙裂谷 2022

• DOI: 10.7283/hbch-9y46
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Inc.
• 作者: Ntambila, Daud;Saria, Elifuraha;Stamps, D. Sarah
• 通讯作者: Stamps, D. Sarah

TZVOLCANO:OLO5-OLO5_OLO_TZA2016 P.S.

TZVOLCANO：OLO5-OLO5_OLO_TZA2016

• DOI: 10.7283/t5pk0dxz
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Inc.
• 作者: Sarah, D. Stamps;Saria, Elifuraha;Hyeun, Kang Ji;Robert, J. Jones;Ntambila, Daud;Daniels, Mike;Mencin, Dave
• 通讯作者: Mencin, Dave

Elucidating the magma plumbing system of Ol Doinyo Lengai (Natron Rift, Tanzania) using Satellite Geodesy and numerical modeling

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107821
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Ntambila Daud;D. S. Stamps;M. Battaglia;Mong‐Han Huang;E. Saria;K. Ji

Elucidating the Magma Plumbing System of Ol Doinyo Lengai (Natron Rift, Tanzania) Using Satellite Geodesy and Numerical Modeling: Supplementary Model Files

使用卫星大地测量和数值建模阐明 Ol Doinyo Lengai（坦桑尼亚 Natron 裂谷）的岩浆管道系统：补充模型文件

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7897255
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Zenodo
• 作者: Daud, Ntambila;Stamps, D. Sarah;Battaglia, Maurizio;Huang, Mong-Han;Saria, Elifuraha;Ji, Kang-Hyeun
• 通讯作者: Ji, Kang-Hyeun