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Career: Using High-resolution Piezoelectric Sensing to Investigate Liquid-vapor Phase-change Mechanisms in Nanostructures

职业：利用高分辨率压电传感研究纳米结构中的液-气相变机制

基本信息

批准号：
1944323
负责人：
Shankar Narayan
金额：
$ 59.43万
依托单位：
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-01-01 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1944323&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Career Using resolution Piezoelectric Sensing

项目摘要

Evaporation and condensation processes are central to water desalination, power generation, heating, air-conditioning, and manufacturing. Improving and controlling the characteristics of the liquid-vapor phase-change can enhance the performance and the overall efficiency of these applications. One of the techniques to enhance phase-change is by incorporating nanomaterials or nanostructures. However, implementation of this technique so far has primarily been trial-based, by comparisons of applications with and without nanostructures. The overall goal of this NSF CAREER project is to integrate research and education around the use of nanoengineered materials to enhance and control evaporation and condensation. This project will determine and quantify the role of various factors that affect phase-change on smooth and textured surfaces. The education objectives of this project are to equip students and the future workforce with the technical knowledge and skill sets to innovate and build transformative and sustainable systems for power generation, energy storage, and water desalination. The project also aims to increase the participation of students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics by providing extended research opportunities and augmented reality instruction to excite students about energy transfer mechanisms and their applications in the industry. Although phase-change and vapor transport at the macroscale are fairly well understood, they show unique characteristics in nanostructures. Understanding these characteristics is essential to leverage nanomaterials in industrial applications. The proposed project will allow elucidating phase-change and vapor transport at the nanoscale by using a novel experimental technique combining a piezoelectric mass and area-sensing mechanism, visualization, and infrared thermography. This approach allows detecting mass changes with high sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability. The project will generate a new understanding of how geometry and surface chemistry of nanostructures control liquid-vapor phase-change and vapor transport. The research will address the effect of non-idealities on phase-change. These non-idealities include non-volatile impurities in the liquid phase and non-condensable gases in the vapor phase. Although such non-idealities are ubiquitous, prior efforts have primarily focused on evaporation and condensation of pure fluids. Direct measurements of phase-change will also test the accuracy of the classic models used to predict evaporation and condensation within nanostructures.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

蒸发和冷凝过程是海水淡化、发电、供暖、空调和制造业的核心。改善和控制液-气相变特性可以提高这些应用的性能和整体效率。增强相变的技术之一是加入纳米材料或纳米结构。然而，到目前为止，这项技术的实现主要是基于试验的，通过比较有纳米结构和没有纳米结构的应用。NSF CAREER项目的总体目标是将纳米工程材料的研究和教育结合起来，以增强和控制蒸发和冷凝。该项目将确定和量化影响光滑和纹理表面相变的各种因素的作用。该项目的教育目标是为学生和未来的劳动力提供技术知识和技能，以创新和建立发电、储能和海水淡化的变革性和可持续系统。该项目还旨在通过提供扩展的研究机会和增强现实指导来激发学生对能量传递机制及其在工业中的应用的兴趣，从而增加学生在科学、技术、工程和数学方面的参与。虽然相变和蒸汽输运在宏观尺度上已经被很好地理解，但它们在纳米结构中表现出独特的特征。了解这些特性对于在工业应用中利用纳米材料至关重要。该项目将利用一种新型实验技术，结合压电质量和面积传感机制、可视化和红外热成像技术，在纳米尺度上阐明相变和蒸汽输运。这种方法可以检测质量变化具有高灵敏度，准确性和可重复性。该项目将对纳米结构的几何和表面化学如何控制液-气相变和蒸汽传输产生新的理解。本研究将探讨非理想性对相变的影响。这些非理想包括液相中的非挥发性杂质和气相中的不可冷凝气体。虽然这种非理想状态无处不在，但先前的努力主要集中在纯流体的蒸发和冷凝上。对相变的直接测量也将测试用于预测纳米结构内蒸发和凝结的经典模型的准确性。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。