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CAREER: Reactivation controls, timescales, and styles at quiescent hotspot volcanoes: Insights from the Canary Islands

职业：静止热点火山的重新激活控制、时间尺度和类型：来自加那利群岛的见解

基本信息

批准号：
1944723
负责人：
Marc-Antoine Longpre
金额：
$ 49.78万
依托单位：
CUNY Queens College
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-06-01 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1944723&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Reactivation controls timescales styles

项目摘要

This CAREER award seeks to quantify the nature and timescales of processes by which quiescent volcanoes reactivate to erupt again. Understanding this rejuvenation process remains a challenging, but important goal of modern volcano science. General relationships between the duration of precursory activity (that is, eruption run-up) and other variables, such as repose period and magma composition, are promising for improved eruption forecasting and understanding of the life cycles of volcanoes, but need further testing at “controlled” case studies. With available data on 13 historic eruptions across four different islands providing constraints on crustal structure, magmatic system configuration, magma composition, repose period, and eruption style, the Canary Islands represent an ideal natural laboratory to test ideas on the behavior of quiescent hotspot volcanoes fed from deep within Earth. Preliminary data suggest that (1) reactivation of Canary Island volcanoes is controlled by new influx of deep-sourced magma into the upper mantle magmatic system and that (2) the time lapse between this deep recharge and eruption is typically on the order of a few months. In order to test these hypotheses, this study will document the style of compositional zoning of a large number of olivine and clinopyroxene crystals across all 13 eruptions, through analysis of crystal images and integration of research in the classroom. This will be complemented by quantitative micro-analysis on a subset of representative crystals and small inclusions of volcanic glass trapped within them. These data will be utilized to identify magmatic processes leading to volcano reactivation and to calculate eruption run-up for all eruptions. The design of this project will further allow testing whether eruption run-up is dependent upon crustal structure, repose period, and magma composition and whether it has an incidence on eruption style, which will improve our understanding of the inner workings of these volcanoes and associated hazards. The educational component of this CAREER project centers on the implementation of a course-based undergraduate research experience, which will involve students in research design, sample preparation, data collection, and interpretation and dissemination of results and, whereby, will directly inform the scientific goals of the work. A tiered and near-peer mentoring plan between the principal investigator, graduate students, and undergraduate students will foster student success and will be supported by an established mentor training program. On-site and online outreach activities will be coordinated with a volcano interpretive center in the Canary Islands. Finally, video tutorials will be produced and made openly available to facilitate the use of our approach by other researchers, educators, and students. The natural experiment of this project exploits available data on historic Canary Island eruptions and systematic petrologic analyses of their products to isolate variables that cause reactivation — and control its duration and style — at quiescent hotspot volcanoes. Grayscale analysis of backscatter electron images of numerous crystals will be combined with high-precision electron probe analysis on selected crystals. In addition, Raman, ion microprobe and LA-ICP-MS measurements of volatile and trace element concentrations of melt inclusions within these same crystals will be performed. Diffusion chronometry will be used to quantify eruption run-up for all 13 historic eruptions in the Canary Islands, which will provide important data for hazard assessment and future eruption forecasting efforts in the archipelago. This approach will in turn allow testing postulated global relationships between eruption run-up, repose period, magma composition, and eruption style at individual volcanoes across a single hotspot. The work will advance the understanding of how olivine and clinopyroxene record magmatic processes and their timescales and will reveal new insights into the crystal cargo of basaltic magmas.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个职业奖旨在量化的性质和时间尺度的过程中，静止的火山重新激活再次爆发。了解这种复兴过程仍然是现代火山科学的一个具有挑战性但重要的目标。火山活动的持续时间（即火山爆发的加速）与其他变量（如休眠期和岩浆成分）之间的一般关系，有望改善火山爆发的预测和对火山生命周期的了解，但需要在“受控”案例研究中进一步检验。通过对四个不同岛屿的13次历史喷发的现有数据，对地壳结构，岩浆系统配置，岩浆成分，休止期和喷发风格进行限制，加那利群岛代表了一个理想的天然实验室，可以测试地球深处静止热点火山的行为。初步数据表明，（1）加那利岛火山的重新激活是由新的深源岩浆流入上地幔岩浆系统控制的，（2）这种深层补给和喷发之间的时间间隔通常是几个月。为了验证这些假设，本研究将记录大量的橄榄石和单斜辉石晶体在所有13次喷发的成分分区的风格，通过分析晶体图像和整合的研究在课堂上。此外，还将对一部分代表性晶体和其中的火山玻璃小内含物进行定量显微分析。这些数据将用于查明导致火山重新活动的岩浆过程，并计算所有火山爆发的爆发加速。该项目的设计将进一步允许测试喷发助跑是否取决于地壳结构，休眠期和岩浆成分，以及它是否对喷发风格有影响，这将提高我们对这些火山的内部运作和相关危害的理解。该职业项目的教育部分重点关注基于课程的本科研究体验的实施，学生将参与研究设计、样本制备、数据收集以及结果的解释和传播，从而直接为科学目标提供信息。工作。主要研究者，研究生和本科生之间的分层和近同行指导计划将促进学生的成功，并将由一个既定的导师培训计划的支持。现场和在线外联活动将与加那利群岛的火山解说中心协调。最后，将制作视频教程并公开提供，以促进其他研究人员，教育工作者和学生使用我们的方法。该项目的自然实验利用了关于加那利岛历史喷发的现有数据及其产物的系统岩石学分析，以隔离在静止热点火山中导致重新激活并控制其持续时间和风格的变量。对许多晶体的背散射电子图像的灰度分析将与对选定晶体的高精度电子探针分析相结合。此外，拉曼，离子微探针和LA-ICP-MS测量的挥发性和微量元素的浓度的熔体包裹体在这些相同的晶体将进行。将使用扩散测时法来量化加那利群岛所有13次历史性喷发的喷发加速，这将为该群岛的灾害评估和今后的喷发预测工作提供重要数据。这种方法反过来又允许测试假设的全球关系之间的喷发助跑，休止期，岩浆成分，并在一个单一的热点在个别火山喷发风格。这项工作将推进对橄榄石和单斜辉石如何记录岩浆过程及其时间尺度的理解，并将揭示对玄武岩浆晶体货物的新见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。