Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Long Distance Trade and Social Complexity

博士论文改进奖：长途贸易和社会复杂性

• 批准号: 1945886
• 负责人: Ben Nelson
• 金额: $ 1.71万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-01 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1945886&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Long

Mr. Christopher Schwartz will conduct research to examine how people draw on networks of distant interaction and exchange in the process of placemaking, and how that process changes over time. The archaeological record offers particularly relevant insight into this topic through its ability to trace the developmental trajectories of settlements and changes in interaction networks over time. This research primarily focuses on one object, the scarlet macaw (Ara macao), and its influence far outside of its endemic homeland. This dissertation project will employ a novel framework, combining biogeochemical methods with a material culture theoretical perspective to explore how past people acquired, treated, and deposited ritually significant, non-local objects at three regional centers in the past. More broadly, this project will improve anthropological understandings of the extent to which societies separated by great distances interacted in ways that had transformative local influences - a form of pre-modern globalization. Additionally, this project will enhance relationships and infrastructure for research by creating research partnerships amongst Arizona State University, the Hopi Tribe, the Museum of Northern Arizona, and the National Park Service. Because this project directly studies sacred animal remains and addresses questions of relevance to the Hopi community, this project was formulated in direct consultation with the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office.This dissertation research will examine several dimensions of scarlet macaws that brought them significance in the pre-Hispanic US Southwest and Mexican Northwest (SW/NW). Despite the distant natural habitat of scarlet macaws, which is hundreds of kilometers to the south in southern Mexico and Central America, their importation, exchange, and sacrifice appear to have played integral roles in the establishment of SW/NW regional centers from 900-1450 AD. This time period saw large-scale migration, rapid population aggregation, and an expansion of long-distance exchange relations in regional centers at Pueblo Bonito (900-1150 CE) in northeastern New Mexico, Wupatki (1085-1220 AD) in north-central Arizona, and Paquim (1200-1450 AD) in northwestern Chihuahua. Radiogenic strontium isotope analysis of scarlet macaw skeletal tissue and comparative contextual analyses applied through a material histories framework will be used to (1) discern whether scarlet macaws discovered in the SW/NW were imported from Mesoamerica or raised locally, (2) characterize the treatment and deposition of scarlet macaws at Pueblo Bonito, Wupatki, and Paquim, and (3) identify patterns of continuity or change in acquisition, treatment, and deposition of scarlet macaws over time.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

克里斯托弗·施瓦茨 (Christopher Schwartz) 先生将开展研究，探讨人们在场所营造过程中如何利用远程互动和交流网络，以及该过程如何随时间变化。考古记录通过追踪定居点的发展轨迹和互动网络随时间的变化的能力，为这一主题提供了特别相关的见解。这项研究主要集中在猩红金刚鹦鹉（Ara macao）这一对象上，及其对远离其流行故乡的影响。本论文项目将采用一个新颖的框架，将生物地球化学方法与物质文化理论视角相结合，探讨过去人们如何在过去的三个区域中心获取、处理和存放具有仪式意义的非本地物品。更广泛地说，该项目将提高人类学对相隔遥远的社会以对当地产生变革性影响的方式相互作用的程度的理解——一种前现代全球化的形式。此外，该项目将通过在亚利桑那州立大学、霍皮部落、北亚利桑那博物馆和国家公园管理局之间建立研究伙伴关系，加强研究关系和基础设施。由于该项目直接研究神圣动物遗骸并解决与霍皮族社区相关的问题，因此该项目是在与霍皮族文化保护办公室直接协商后制定的。本论文研究将研究猩红色金刚鹦鹉的几个方面，正是这些方面使它们在前西班牙裔美国西南部和墨西哥西北部（西南/西北）地区发挥了重要作用。尽管猩红金刚鹦鹉的自然栖息地距离遥远，位于墨西哥南部和中美洲以南数百公里处，但它们的进口、交换和牺牲似乎在公元 900-1450 年西南/西北区域中心的建立中发挥了不可或缺的作用。这一时期，新墨西哥州东北部的博尼托普韦布洛（公元 900-1150 年）、亚利桑那州中北部的乌帕特基（公元 1085-1220 年）和奇瓦瓦州西北部的帕奎姆（公元 1200-1450 年）等区域中心发生了大规模移民、人口迅速聚集和长距离交流关系的扩大。猩红金刚鹦鹉骨骼组织的放射性锶同位素分析以及通过材料历史框架应用的比较背景分析将用于（1）辨别在西南/西北发现的猩红金刚鹦鹉是从中美洲进口还是本地饲养，（2）描述博尼托镇、乌帕特基和帕奎姆对猩红金刚鹦鹉的处理和沉积的特征，以及（3）识别 随着时间的推移，猩红金刚鹦鹉的获取、治疗和存放的连续性或变化模式。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

The Long-Term History of Scarlet Macaws in the Southwest

西南地区猩红金刚鹦鹉的悠久历史

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Arizona Daily Sun
• 作者: Schwartz, Christopher W.

Scarlet Macaws and Placemaking

猩红金刚鹦鹉和场所营造

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Archaeology Southwest Magazine
• 作者: Schwartz, Christopher W.

Macaws in Mesoamerica and Across the U.S. Southwest and Mexican Northwest

中美洲以及美国西南部和墨西哥西北部的金刚鹦鹉

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Archaeology Southwest Magazine
• 作者: Gilman, Patricia;Schwartz, Christopher W.;Plog, Stephen
• 通讯作者: Plog, Stephen