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RUI: Marine Vampire microbiome Project (MVP): Blood-feeding marine invertebrates, and their bacterial accomplices

RUI：海洋吸血鬼微生物组项目 (MVP)：吸血海洋无脊椎动物及其细菌共犯

基本信息

批准号：
1947309
负责人：
Shana Goffredi
金额：
$ 21.38万
依托单位：
Occidental College
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-02-01 至 2025-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1947309&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RUI Marine Vampire microbiome Project

项目摘要

Symbiotic partnerships involving two or more species are widespread in nature. One type of symbiosis is between an animal and its microbiome. It is clear that microbes are supremely important to the success of most animals, including humans, and that many dietary strategies would not be possible without these symbiotic bacteria. Blood-feeding marine invertebrates contend with numerous obstacles associated with feeding on the blood of fish and sharks. Blood is a difficult meal to breakdown. It is toxic, and it provides a nutritionally-deficient diet. Bacteria in the digestive systems of nearly all animals examined play critical roles in the exchange of nutrients and digestion of food, and thus contribute to success and survival of the host. However, virtually nothing is known about the role of internal bacteria on the successful survival of blood-feeding marine invertebrates. The research combines a variety of molecular, imaging, and experimental approaches to examine whether internal bacteria positively influence the success of this unusual group of marine parasites. Blood-feeding animals are not only important to study because of their potential symbiotic relationships with microbes, but because of their ability to act as vectors for pathogens, and the harm they cause to fish stocks. Integrated with this project are research opportunities for undergraduates, and the expansion of a college-level course that incorporates active exploration, including contemporary molecular and imaging techniques. The discovery and elucidation of the role of symbiotic microorganisms to animal success is an important area of research. Persistent bacterial presence is believed to play an essential role in host adaptation to specific niches that would otherwise be unavailable, including the exclusive consumption of blood as a source of nutrition by invertebrate parasites. This project will examine the prevalence of bacteria in all categories of known blood-feeding marine invertebrates, the colonization and residence by bacteria of specific animal tissues, and the possible nutritional role fulfilled by the bacteria. Preliminary evidence suggests an association between marine ‘vampires’ and Vibrio bacteria, and a possible evolutionary convergence of this particular marine bacterium as an essential abettor for a diet based solely on blood, by either diet breakdown, nutrient supplementation and/or heme detoxification. Marine blood-feeders will be collected from southern California coastal waters, with subsequent live animal manipulations, high throughput DNA and RNA sequencing analysis combined with fluorescence, electron and laser capture microscopy, to elucidate previously under-appreciated alliances between blood-feeding marine invertebrates and beneficial bacteria. This project will facilitate understanding of the role of internal bacteria on adaptation to specific diets, and will contribute to the growing knowledge base of the field of symbiosis – from cellular biology (symbiotic integration with host cell metabolism) to ecology (interactions between genetically distinct organisms and niche expansion for both).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

涉及两个或更多物种的共生伙伴关系在自然界中很普遍。一种类型的共生是在动物和它的微生物群之间。很明显，微生物对包括人类在内的大多数动物的成功至关重要，如果没有这些共生细菌，许多饮食策略就不可能实现。以血液为食的海洋无脊椎动物与以鱼和鲨鱼的血液为食有关的许多障碍作斗争。血是一顿难以消化的大餐。它是有毒的，而且它提供的饮食缺乏营养。几乎所有被检查的动物的消化系统中的细菌在营养交换和食物消化中发挥着关键作用，因此有助于宿主的成功和生存。然而，关于体内细菌对以血液为食的海洋无脊椎动物成功生存的作用，人们几乎一无所知。这项研究结合了各种分子、成像和实验方法，以检查内部细菌是否对这组不同寻常的海洋寄生虫的成功产生了积极影响。食血动物不仅因为它们与微生物潜在的共生关系而具有重要的研究价值，而且还因为它们能够充当病原体的媒介，以及它们对鱼类种群的伤害。与该项目相结合的是为本科生提供研究机会，以及扩展一门包含积极探索的大学级课程，包括当代分子和成像技术。发现和阐明共生微生物对动物成功的作用是一个重要的研究领域。持续的细菌存在被认为在宿主适应特定的生态位方面发挥了重要作用，否则这些生态位是无法获得的，包括无脊椎动物寄生虫唯一地消耗血液作为营养来源。该项目将研究细菌在所有已知的以血液为食的海洋无脊椎动物中的流行率，细菌在特定动物组织中的定居和居住情况，以及细菌可能发挥的营养作用。初步证据表明，海洋“吸血鬼”和弧菌之间存在联系，这种特殊的海洋细菌可能在进化上趋同，成为完全以血液为基础的饮食的基本推动者，无论是通过饮食分解、营养补充和/或血红素解毒。将从南加州沿海水域采集海洋喂食者，随后进行活体动物操作，高通量DNA和RNA测序分析，结合荧光、电子和激光捕获显微镜，以阐明以前被低估的捕食性海洋无脊椎动物和有益细菌之间的联盟。这个项目将有助于了解内部细菌在适应特定饮食方面的作用，并将有助于共生领域不断增长的知识库-从细胞生物学(与宿主细胞新陈代谢的共生整合)到生态学(遗传上不同的有机体之间的相互作用和两者的生态位扩展)。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。