Consequences of kin structure in benthic marine systems

底栖海洋系统中亲缘结构的后果

• 批准号: 1948788
• 负责人: Scott Burgess
• 金额: $ 60.07万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-15 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1948788&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Consequences; kin; structure; benthic; marine

In marine systems, the production, dispersal, and recruitment of larvae are crucial processes that rebuild depleted adult stocks, facilitate changes in species geographic ranges, and modify the potential for adaptation under environmental stress. Traditionally, the tiny larvae of bottom-associated adults were thought to disperse far from their parents and from each other, making interactions among kin improbable. However, emerging evidence is challenging this view: larval dispersal does not always disrupt kin associations at settlement, and a large fraction of invertebrate diversity on the seafloor contains species in which most larvae disperse short distances. Limited dispersal increases the potential for interactions among kin, which has important consequences for individual fitness across many generations, and therefore the productivity of populations and the potential for adaptation. But when these consequences occur, and how exactly they manifest, remains largely unexplained. The key challenge now is to explain and predict when kin associations are likely to occur, and when they are likely to have positive or negative ecological consequences. Therefore, the key questions addressed by this research are: 1) how and when do kin associations arise and persist, and 2) what are the consequences of living with kin for survival, growth, and reproduction. This concept-driven research combines genomic approaches with experimental approaches in lab and field settings using an experimentally-tractable and representative invertebrate species. The project trains and mentors PhD students and a postdoctoral scholar at Florida State University (FSU). Field and laboratory activities are developed and incorporated into K–12 education programs and outreach opportunities at FSU. The spatial proximity of relatives has fundamentally important consequences at multiple levels of biological organization. These consequences are likely to be particularly important in a large range of benthic marine systems, where competition, facilitation, and mating depend strongly on the proximity and number of neighbors. However, explaining and predicting the occurrence, magnitude, and direction of such effects remains challenging. Emerging evidence suggest that the ecological consequences of kin structure are unlikely to have a straight-forward relationship with dispersal potential. Therefore, it is crucial to discover new reasons for when kinship structure occurs and why it could have positive, negative, or neutral ecological consequences. This research aims to provide a new understanding of how dispersal and post-settlement processes generate spatial kin structure, how population density and relatedness influence post-settlement fitness, and how the relatedness of mating partners influences the number and fitness of their offspring (inbreeding and outbreeding). The research combines genomic approaches, experimental progeny arrays, and manipulative experiments in field and lab settings to test several hypotheses that are broadly applicable across species. By focusing on an experimentally tractable species to test broadly applicable hypotheses, the project achieves generality and a level of integration that has been difficult to achieve in previous work.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在海洋系统中，幼虫的生产、扩散和补充是重建枯竭的成虫种群、促进物种地理范围变化和调整适应环境压力潜力的关键过程。传统上，人们认为底栖成虫的幼体会分散到远离父母和彼此的地方，使得近亲之间的互动不太可能。然而，新出现的证据正在挑战这一观点：幼虫的扩散并不总是破坏定居时的亲缘关系，而且海底无脊椎动物多样性的很大一部分包含了大多数幼虫短距离分散的物种。有限的分散增加了近亲之间相互作用的可能性，这对个体在许多代之间的适应性有重要影响，因此对种群的生产力和适应的潜力也有重要影响。但这些后果何时发生，以及它们究竟如何表现，在很大程度上仍无法解释。现在的关键挑战是解释和预测亲缘关系何时可能发生，以及何时可能产生积极或消极的生态后果。因此，本研究解决的关键问题是：1)亲缘关系是如何以及何时产生并持续存在的；2)与亲缘关系一起生活对生存、生长和繁殖的影响是什么。这个概念驱动的研究将基因组方法与实验室和现场设置的实验方法相结合，使用实验可处理和代表性的无脊椎动物物种。该项目在佛罗里达州立大学（FSU）培训和指导博士生和博士后学者。现场和实验室活动被开发并纳入FSU的K-12教育计划和外展机会。亲属的空间接近性在生物组织的多个层面上具有根本性的重要影响。这些结果在大范围的底栖海洋系统中可能特别重要，在这些系统中，竞争、促进和交配在很大程度上取决于邻居的接近程度和数量。然而，解释和预测这些影响的发生、大小和方向仍然具有挑战性。新出现的证据表明，亲缘结构的生态后果不太可能与扩散潜力有直接的关系。因此，发现亲属结构何时发生以及为什么它可能具有积极，消极或中性生态后果的新原因至关重要。本研究旨在对种群的分散和定居过程如何产生空间亲缘结构、种群密度和亲缘关系如何影响定居后的适合度、配偶的亲缘关系如何影响后代的数量和适合度（近交和远交）等问题提供新的认识。该研究结合了基因组方法、实验子代阵列以及野外和实验室环境中的操作实验，以测试几种广泛适用于物种的假设。通过专注于实验上可处理的物种来测试广泛适用的假设，该项目实现了在以前的工作中难以实现的通用性和集成度。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Larval and adult traits coevolve in response to asymmetric coastal currents to shape marine dispersal kernels

幼虫和成虫特征响应不对称海岸流共同进化，形成海洋传播核心

• DOI: 10.1086/728003
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: The American Naturalist
• 作者: Peniston, Jimmy H.;Burgess, Scott C.
• 通讯作者: Burgess, Scott C.