Collaborative Research: Behavior and structure on and around the megathrust revealed by the Alaska Amphibious Seismic Community Experiment
合作研究:阿拉斯加两栖地震社区实验揭示的巨型逆冲断层及其周围的行为和结构
基本信息
- 批准号:1949130
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 27.93万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2020
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2020-07-01 至 2024-06-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The planet’s largest earthquakes take place on subduction plate boundaries. These “megathrust” earthquakes, and the tsunamis they sometimes trigger, can cause extreme damage and loss of life in local and far-field communities. The Alaska Peninsula segment in particular hosted the second largest earthquake recorded anywhere and has been identified as a high-risk tsunami source for the west coast of North America. The Alaska megathrust also generates the most recorded earthquakes of any fault system in the U.S. In 2018-2019, the geophysical community deployed the first major shoreline-crossing seismic array off Alaska, placing 75 high-quality seismometers on the sea floor to complement several onshore synchronized deployments. This dataset, now openly available, provides the first comprehensive nearby sampling of signals from small to moderate earthquakes along the megathrust in Alaska. This project will analyze a range of earthquake-generated signals from this new dataset, to address questions such as: why are earthquakes more common in some places than others despite similar geology? where are the active faults in the region? and what is the nature of fault materials that allows earthquakes to be generated? The results will greatly improve the working models by which we understand the physics of earthquakes, of tsunami generation, and other related hazards. This project supports the training of graduate and undergraduate students.One of the best-known examples of along-strike variability of a megathrust is observed along the Alaska Peninsula. In a few hundred km, the plate interface varies from fully locked and capable of generating M9.2 earthquakes near Kodiak, to fully creeping near the Shumagin Islands. The fundamental controls on the rupture variability of megathrusts are poorly known, relevant to both along-strike variations as seen in Alaska, as well as updip/downdip changes that are seen along all subduction zones. A major new publicly available community seismic dataset has just been acquired along this segment of the Aleutian megathrust. The 15-month broadband dataset, termed the Alaska Amphibious Seismic Experiment, AACSE, provides extensive coverage far offshore and onshore of seismicity and structure, with uniform sampling. This project focuses on the megathrust sampled by the AACSE by characterizing and understanding the earthquake sources on it, the tremor produced along it, and by imaging the fine-scale structure using local-earthquake and teleseismic signals. Specifically, waveform-based methods will be used to greatly increase the quantity and precision of earthquake hypocenters along the megathrust, enabling characterization of along-strike variability. These will be complemented by studies of earthquake source properties to better understand spatial variation in rupture behavior, and to separate megathrust earthquakes showing upper plate and lower plate deformation. Modern tremor detection methods will be applied to the full dataset, to characterize any regions of downdip and potential updip tremor, and their along-strike variation. High-frequency mode-converted signals and autocorrelation of local-earthquake coda will be used to image the megathrust targeting spatial variations in its reflectivity strength and thickness; these analyses will be integrated with collocated receiver functions to generate a wide-band image of the plate boundary. This research will address several fundamental questions: Where is the plate boundary (as opposed to nearby regions in the upper and lower plate) seismogenic? How does the slip behavior and earthquake dynamics vary down-dip, and between locked and creeping sections? Do sharp boundaries in coupling correlate with strong variations in seismic behavior? How do earthquakes on the plate boundary relate to structure, and how does structure relate to dehydration or lithology? What explains the along-strike variability between locked and creeping sections? Do major potentially seismogenic splay faults exist in the upper plate? How is non-volcanic tremor related to regular earthquakes? The extensive amphibious array here allows an unprecedented opportunity to accurately resolve seismicity, tremor and structure in exactly the same place, with a variety of techniques, and in doing so provides an excellent opportunity to make progress on these issues.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
地球上最大的地震发生在俯冲板块边界上。这些“巨型”地震,以及它们有时引发的海啸,可能对当地和远场社区造成极大的破坏和生命损失。特别是阿拉斯加半岛地区发生了有记录以来第二大地震,并已被确定为北美西海岸的高风险海啸来源。阿拉斯加巨型逆冲也是美国所有断层系统中记录最多的地震。2018-2019年,地球物理界在阿拉斯加近海部署了第一个主要的跨越海岸线的地震阵列,在海底放置了75台高质量地震仪,以补充几个陆上同步部署。这一数据集现已公开,它提供了阿拉斯加巨型断裂沿线小震和中震信号的第一个全面的附近采样。这个项目将从这个新的数据集分析一系列地震产生的信号,以解决这样的问题:为什么地震在一些地方比其他地方更常见,尽管地质条件相似?该地区的活动断裂在哪里?而导致地震发生的断层物质的性质又是什么?这些结果将极大地改进工作模型,通过这些模型,我们可以了解地震、海啸和其他相关灾害的物理机制。该项目支持研究生和本科生的培训。沿阿拉斯加半岛观察到的一个最著名的巨型逆冲断裂沿走向变化的例子。在几百公里的范围内,板块界面从科迪亚克附近完全锁定并能够产生9.2级地震,到舒马金群岛附近完全爬行。对巨型逆冲断裂变异性的基本控制知之甚少,既与阿拉斯加所见的沿走向变化有关,也与所有俯冲带上倾角/下倾角的变化有关。沿着阿留申巨型逆冲带的这一段,刚刚获得了一个重要的新的公开可用的社区地震数据集。这一为期15个月的宽带数据集被称为阿拉斯加两栖地震实验,通过统一的抽样,提供了远海和陆上地震活动和结构的广泛覆盖。该项目的重点是AACSE采样的巨型金字塔,通过描述和了解其上的震源、沿其产生的震动,以及利用当地地震和远震信号对精细结构成像。具体地说,基于波形的方法将被用来极大地提高沿巨型断裂的地震震源的数量和精度,从而能够表征沿走向的可变性。这些将得到震源性质研究的补充,以更好地了解破裂行为的空间变化,并区分显示上板块和下板块变形的巨型逆冲地震。现代地震检测方法将应用于整个数据集,以表征任何下倾和潜在上倾震动区及其沿走向的变化。高频模式转换信号和局部地震尾波的自相关将被用于成像针对其反射率、强度和厚度的空间变化的巨型逆冲;这些分析将与配置的接收器功能相结合,以生成板块边界的宽带图像。这项研究将解决几个基本问题:板块边界(相对于上下板块附近的区域)在哪里孕育地震?滑动行为和地震动力学如何在向下倾斜,以及在锁定和蠕动段之间变化?耦合中的尖锐边界是否与地震行为的强烈变化相关?板块边界上的地震如何与构造有关,以及构造如何与脱水或岩性有关?如何解释锁定区段和爬行区段之间沿走向的差异?上板块是否存在主要的潜在发震展布断层?非火山震动与常规地震有何关系?这里广泛的两栖阵列提供了前所未有的机会,通过各种技术在完全相同的位置准确地解决地震活动、地震和构造问题,并在这样做的过程中提供了在这些问题上取得进展的绝佳机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(1)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Enhanced Regional Earthquake Catalog with Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment Data
使用阿拉斯加两栖社区地震实验数据增强区域地震目录
- DOI:10.1785/0220220226
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.3
- 作者:Ruppert, Natalia A.;Barcheck, Grace;Abers, Geoffrey A.
- 通讯作者:Abers, Geoffrey A.
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Geoffrey Abers其他文献
Geoffrey Abers的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Geoffrey Abers', 18)}}的其他基金
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喀斯喀特火山下岩浆体的系统制图
- 批准号:
2313452 - 财政年份:2023
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合作研究:RAPID:对 2021 年 7 月 29 日奇格尼克 M8.2 地震的响应
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Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment
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1654568 - 财政年份:2017
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1460291 - 财政年份:2015
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Thermal and melt structure of the Juan de Fuca plate from ridge to trench to arc, inferred from seismic attenuation across the Amphibious Array
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边缘:合作研究:阐明大圣海伦斯山岩浆系统从板块到地表的结构
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合作研究:流体在中深度地震活动和楔形各向异性中的作用:卡斯卡迪亚和阿拉斯加的案例研究,并与日本进行比较
- 批准号:
1446970 - 财政年份:2014
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