The Structure, Evolution, Dynamics and Cloud and Precipitation Characteristics of Extreme Summer Arctic Cyclones Revealed Through Comprehensive Life Cycle Studies

通过综合生命周期研究揭示极端夏季北极气旋的结构、演化、动力学以及云和降水特征

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1951757
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 52.19万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2020-05-01 至 2024-04-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The cyclones of the Arctic summer pack an extra punch as they strike when the region is at its most vulnerable. The sea ice cover that protects the ocean surface from storm winds in winter is thinned by summer melt, allowing the winds to push the ice apart and mix up warmer subsurface water that promotes further melting. The lack of ice cover in summer also allows the winds to drive ocean waves which erode coastlines, where the warming of recent decades has thawed permafrost and removed the protective skirt of landfast ice. Fortunately summer Arctic cyclones are weaker than their winter counterparts, but recent work suggests a strengthening trend in summer. The "Great Arctic Cyclone" of August 2012 was stronger than all but a dozen of the winter cyclones in the 30 year record of pan-Arctic observations from weather satellites.The impacts of Arctic cyclones and their connection to sea ice decline has prompted interest in their structure, dynamics, and cloud microphysics. Naturally they have much in common with the more familiar cyclones of the middle latitudes, but there are interesting differences: they are often larger, sometimes covering most of the Arctic basin, they are not closely connected to regions of strong temperature contrast and fast jet streams, they can continue to intensify even after they occlude, and their clouds are unusually abundant in liquid droplets (as opposed to ice particles). The abundance of liquid water in the clouds increases the downwelling infrared radiation they generate, warming the lower atmosphere and promoting sea ice melt.Work under this award uses a combination of satellite observations and meteorological data (including winds, sea level pressure, moisture, and temperature) to investigate summer Arctic cyclones at various stages in their lifecycles. The cloud radar and lidar instruments on the NASA A-Train satellite constellation provide cross sections through the cyclones, and data for specific stages of cyclone lifecycles are identified according to their sea level pressure. The observational analysis is complemented by computer simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. One question addressed is whether there are clues in the large-scale environment that could be used to determine which cyclones will grow to extreme size and intensity.The project has broader impacts due to the strong impacts of summer cyclones on Arctic sea ice and coastal erosion, as noted above. The project also supports two graduate students and employs undergraduate students on an hourly basis, thereby promoting the education of the next generation of researchers in this area.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
北极夏季的气旋在该地区最脆弱的时候袭击,给人以额外的打击。 冬季保护海洋表面免受风暴影响的海冰覆盖层因夏季融化而变薄,使风能够将冰推开并混合更温暖的地下水,从而促进进一步融化。 夏季冰盖的缺乏也使得风能够驱动海浪侵蚀海岸线,近几十年来的变暖已经融化了永久冻土,并移走了陆地固定冰的保护裙。 幸运的是,夏季北极气旋比冬季气旋弱,但最近的研究表明夏季有加强的趋势。 2012年8月的“北极大气旋”比30年来气象卫星观测记录中的所有冬季气旋都要强,但只有12个。北极气旋的影响及其与海冰减少的联系引发了人们对它们的结构、动力学和云微物理学的兴趣。当然,它们与中纬度地区更为熟悉的气旋有许多共同之处,但也有一些有趣的区别:它们通常更大,有时覆盖北极盆地的大部分地区,它们与强烈的温度对比和快速急流的区域没有密切联系,即使在它们被遮挡之后,它们也可以继续增强,而且它们的云层中含有异常丰富的液滴(而不是冰粒)。 云层中丰富的液态水增加了它们产生的向下流动的红外辐射,使低层大气变暖,并促进海冰融化。该奖项的工作结合了卫星观测和气象数据(包括风、海平面压力、湿度和温度),以调查夏季北极气旋在其生命周期的各个阶段。 美国航天局A-Train卫星星座上的云雷达和激光雷达仪器提供了气旋的横截面,并根据海平面压力确定了气旋生命周期特定阶段的数据。 观测分析得到了使用天气研究和预报模型的计算机模拟的补充。 讨论的一个问题是,在大尺度环境中是否有线索可用于确定哪些气旋将发展到极端的规模和强度,该项目具有更广泛的影响,因为夏季气旋对北极海冰和海岸侵蚀的强烈影响,如上所述。 该项目还资助两名研究生,并按小时雇用本科生,从而促进了该领域下一代研究人员的教育。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

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Jonathan Martin其他文献

Investigation of a U-shaped fuel cell flow channel with particle image velocimetry (PIV)
利用粒子图像测速 (PIV) 研究 U 形燃料电池流道
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2004
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Jonathan Martin
  • 通讯作者:
    Jonathan Martin
From Traditional to Reformed: A Review of the Land Use Regulations in the Nation’s 50 Largest Metropolitan Areas
从传统到改革:全国50个最大都市区土地使用法规回顾
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2006
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    R. Pendall;R. Puentes;Jonathan Martin
  • 通讯作者:
    Jonathan Martin
Ecological partnership: Restoring Pinyon woodlands on the Navajo Nation, USA
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100605
  • 发表时间:
    2024-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Lionel Whitehair;Benita Litson;Bryan Neztsosie;Demetra Skaltsas;Jonathan Martin;Jared Begay;Leo O'Neill;Peter Z. Fulé
  • 通讯作者:
    Peter Z. Fulé
Variant selection in stationary shoulder friction stir welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy
固定台肩搅拌摩擦焊 Ti-6Al-4V 合金的变型选择
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jmst.2017.11.024
  • 发表时间:
    2017-11
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    10.9
  • 作者:
    蒋晓青;Bradley. P. Wynne;Jonathan Martin
  • 通讯作者:
    Jonathan Martin
Experimental Study of Post Injection Scheduling for Soot Reduction in a Light-Duty Turbodiesel Engine
轻型涡轮柴油机烟灰后喷射调度实验研究
  • DOI:
    10.4271/2016-01-0726
  • 发表时间:
    2016
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Jonathan Martin;Chenxi Sun;A. Boehman;J. O’Connor
  • 通讯作者:
    J. O’Connor

Jonathan Martin的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Jonathan Martin', 18)}}的其他基金

Sensitivity of Hurricane Intensity Change to Outflow Interactions with the Environment
飓风强度变化对流出物与环境相互作用的敏感性
  • 批准号:
    2114620
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 52.19万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Continued Investigations of the Structure, Evolution, and Life Cycles of Intraseasonal Fluctuations of the North Pacific Jet Stream
北太平洋急流季节内涨落的结构、演化和生命周期的继续研究
  • 批准号:
    2055667
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 52.19万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Significance of Ice-loss to Landscapes in the Arctic: SILA (Inuit concept of the physical world and weather)
冰损失对北极景观的重要性:SILA(因纽特人的物质世界和天气概念)
  • 批准号:
    2000649
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 52.19万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Diagnosis of the Sensitivity of Type B Cyclones to the Structure and Evolution of Their Upper-Tropospheric Precursors
B型气旋对其上层对流层前驱体结构和演化的敏感性诊断
  • 批准号:
    1851152
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 52.19万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
CZ RCN: Research Coordination in Carbonate Critical Zones
CZ RCN:碳酸盐岩关键区域的研究协调
  • 批准号:
    1905259
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 52.19万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: How does groundwater inundation of carbonate island interiors from sea level rise impact surface water-aquifer interactions and evaporative losses?
合作研究:海平面上升导致碳酸盐岛内部地下水淹没如何影响地表水-含水层相互作用和蒸发损失?
  • 批准号:
    1743355
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 52.19万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Geophysical characterization of a karst aquifer using dynamic recharge events
合作研究:利用动态补给事件对岩溶含水层进行地球物理表征
  • 批准号:
    1740481
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 52.19万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Does calcification by paleoceanographically relevant benthic foraminifera provide a record of localized methane seepage?
合作研究:古海洋学相关的底栖有孔虫的钙化是否提供了局部甲烷渗漏的记录?
  • 批准号:
    1634248
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 52.19万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Weathering of western Greenland: Influences on oceanic fluxes of radiogenic isotopes
格陵兰岛西部的风化:对放射性同位素海洋通量的影响
  • 批准号:
    1203773
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 52.19万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
The Structure, Evolution, and Life Cycles of Intraseasonal Fluctuations of the North Pacific Jet Stream
北太平洋急流季节内涨落的结构、演化和生命周期
  • 批准号:
    1265182
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 52.19万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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Galaxy Analytical Modeling Evolution (GAME) and cosmological hydrodynamic simulations.
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Collaborative Research: RUI: Structure-Function Relationships and Efficiency of Bacterial Flagellar Motors Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Directed Evolution Experiments
合作研究:RUI:利用计算流体动力学和定向进化实验研究细菌鞭毛马达的结构功能关系和效率
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  • 批准号:
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