JST: SCC-PG: Understanding Heat Resiliency via Physiological, Mental, and Behavioral Health Factors for Indoor and Outdoor Urban Environments

JST：SCC-PG：通过室内和室外城市环境的生理、心理和行为健康因素了解耐热性

• 批准号: 1951928
• 负责人: Suren Jayasuriya
• 金额: $ 7.5万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-01 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1951928&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: JST; SCC; PG; Understanding; Heat

Exposure to extreme heat is harmful to human health and well-being. As cities grow and both the incidence and intensity of high-temperature events increases, the management of population heat exposure while minimizing disruption to day-to-day activities is becoming a growing challenge among urban planners and residents alike. High temperatures pose especially large potential risks for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and low-income families. This Smart and Connected Communities Planning Grant supports the creation of a collaborative working group of researchers in mobile systems, computational imaging and sensing, urban climate informatics, and economics alongside key stakeholders of community members, city officials, urban planners, and designers to investigate potential strategies to increase heat resiliency in urban populations. In collaboration with researchers and community members from Japan, this project will seek to identify, promulgate, and promote strategies for heat-risk reduction and resiliency - both within and across cultural contexts - while also investigating the importance of local cultural factors in the spread and adoption of such strategies at the individual and societal levels. This work will span both the United States and Japan, two populations whose cities suffer different issues related to heat exposure. This project will support travel, preliminary research studies, and workshop forums with community partners. The outcomes of this planning grant will include pilot studies and data collection for measuring physiological factors for heat effects, as well as a multiscale framework for linking physiological, behavioral/mental, and socioeconomical/cultural factors for heat resiliency across the United States and Japan. This project aims to identify and assist stakeholders in tackling challenges facing at-risk populations in communities due to extreme heat. In particular, the project plans and builds capacity for future research aimed to study (1) physiological markers for heat stress and exposure, leveraging techniques from physics-based computational imaging and mobile health sensing, as well as (2) mental and behavioral models for individuals exposed to heat conditions, and how they interact with one another. Results will be used to develop user-centric thermal comfort models for individuals exposed to extreme heat conditions. This includes both physiological effects due to quantifiable environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, but also subjective assessment of an individual’s tolerance to heat based on clothing, activity level, past exposure history and experiences. A key focus of this project is to study these factors across communities in the United States and Japan. This includes planning and piloting preliminary data collection efforts for three cities: Amherst, Massachusetts; Phoenix, Arizona; and the greater Osaka region, Japan. Researchers with expertise in sensor development, heat sensing, mobile health, economics and behavioral modeling, and urban climate and infrastructure will collaborate to understand key research questions about the challenges and need for solutions in this application domain. This research will interact with key stakeholders in the three communities across the United States and Japan, and insights gleaned from the research will be shared with the community to develop effective strategies to build climate-smart cities. Workshops and collaborative activities will strengthen research ties between the international institutions, including capacity building and planning for integrative research in the future to tackle heat resiliency in both the United States and Japan.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

暴露在极端高温下对人体健康和福祉有害。随着城市的发展，高温事件的发生率和强度都在增加，如何在最大限度地减少对日常活动的干扰的同时管理人口热暴露，正成为城市规划者和居民面临的一项日益严峻的挑战。高温对老年人、幼儿和低收入家庭等弱势群体构成特别大的潜在风险。这项智能和互联社区规划拨款支持创建一个由移动系统、计算成像和传感、城市气候信息学和经济学等领域的研究人员组成的协作工作组，与社区成员、城市官员、城市规划者和设计师等主要利益相关者一起，研究提高城市人口热弹性的潜在策略。与来自日本的研究人员和社区成员合作，该项目将寻求在文化背景内和跨文化背景下确定、颁布和促进减少热风险和恢复能力的战略，同时也调查当地文化因素在个人和社会层面上传播和采用这些战略的重要性。这项工作将在美国和日本展开，这两个国家的城市都面临着与热暴露有关的不同问题。该项目将支持旅行、初步研究和与社区合作伙伴的研讨会。这项规划拨款的结果将包括试点研究和数据收集，用于测量热效应的生理因素，以及一个多尺度框架，用于将美国和日本的热弹性的生理、行为/心理和社会经济/文化因素联系起来。该项目旨在确定并协助利益相关者应对社区中因极端高温而面临的风险人群所面临的挑战。特别是，该项目为未来的研究计划和能力建设，旨在研究(1)热应激和暴露的生理标志物，利用基于物理的计算成像和移动健康传感技术，以及(2)暴露于高温条件下的个体的心理和行为模型，以及它们如何相互作用。研究结果将用于为暴露在极端高温条件下的个人开发以用户为中心的热舒适模型。这既包括可量化的环境条件（如温度和湿度）造成的生理影响，也包括基于服装、活动水平、过去的暴露历史和经历对个人耐热性的主观评估。该项目的一个重点是研究美国和日本社区的这些因素。这包括在三个城市规划和试点初步数据收集工作：马萨诸塞州的阿默斯特；亚利桑那州凤凰城;以及日本的大大阪地区。具有传感器开发，热传感，移动健康，经济学和行为建模以及城市气候和基础设施专业知识的研究人员将合作了解有关该应用领域挑战和解决方案需求的关键研究问题。这项研究将与美国和日本三个社区的主要利益相关者进行互动，并与社区分享从研究中收集到的见解，以制定建设气候智慧型城市的有效战略。研讨会和合作活动将加强国际机构之间的研究联系，包括能力建设和未来综合研究的规划，以解决美国和日本的热弹性问题。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

MaRTiny—A Low-Cost Biometeorological Sensing Device With Embedded Computer Vision for Urban Climate Research

• DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.866240
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 作者: Karthik K. Kulkarni;Florian A. Schneider;Tejaswini M. Gowda;Suren Jayasuriya;Ariane Middel