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Collaborative Research: Diverse selective pressure on fruit chemical traits from mutualists and antagonists as a major driver of chemical evolution at the whole plant level

合作研究：互利共生者和拮抗剂对水果化学性状的不同选择压力是整个植物水平化学进化的主要驱动力

基本信息

批准号：
1953934
负责人：
Noelle Beckman
金额：
$ 107.78万
依托单位：
Utah State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-11-01 至 2024-10-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1953934&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Diverse selective pressure

项目摘要

Much of the diversity in plant form and function observed in nature can be understood as the coevolutionary result of interactions with other living organisms. Plant chemistry represents an underappreciated dimension of diversity that is critical for mediating plant interactions and, ultimately, plant fitness. Metabolomics is a rapidly growing field with over 200,000 described secondary metabolites in the plant kingdom. However, there is a paucity of data for tropical species, and the vast majority of data are from leaves. The investigators will take advantage of recent advances in metabolomics and bioinformatics, long-term ecological monitoring data, and field studies to interpret the metabolomics data in ways that will provide a new whole-plant perspective on the evolution of plant defense. All metabolomics data will be made publicly available because ripe, fleshy fruits dispersed by vertebrates tend to be toxic to microorganisms and insects but non-toxic to vertebrates, making them an underappreciated and novel source of potential drugs. Public archival of these data will contribute to potential drug discovery. Student scholars will gain experience in research methods in tropical field biology and chemical ecology. Results will be used to develop student-centered, inquiry-based course materials for undergraduate biology classrooms. All educational materials will be translated into Spanish and disseminated in Latin America via Verde Elemental. To communicate research the investigators will collaborate with Utah Public Radio and Impact Media Lab to produce multimedia, including public radio podcasts, short-films, and an interactive website.A fundamental question in plant biology is: why do plants produce so many different chemical compounds? Most theory and empirical research in plant chemical ecology has focused on the defense of leaves, yet fruits thread a more complicated chemical path, simultaneously defending against enemies and attracting dispersers. Thus, the investigators hypothesize that much of the secondary metabolite diversity observed in plants has its origins in fruits. Specifically, the project tests the hypothesis that the diverse selective pressures on fruit chemical traits are a major driver of phytochemical diversification and evolution at the whole-plant level. Complementary approaches of comparative metabolomics, observational field studies, and phylogenetically-controlled experimentation will be used to test the hypothesis. First, contemporary patterns of secondary metabolite diversity across plant tissues and species will be measured to detect a signature of selection from fruit-frugivore interactions. A metabolomics approach to characterize phytochemistry of 50 phylogenetically-controlled comparisons of tree and shrub species that vary in dispersal mode will be carried out. Second, how patterns of fruit and leaf secondary metabolite diversity mediate natural variation in plant interactions with fruit and leaf consumers will be examined using an observational study of fruit removal and damage on pulp, seeds, and leaves for these same species. Third, whether fruit secondary metabolites reflect the adaptations to specific dispersal modes will be experimentally determined using a phylogenetically-controlled subset of bat-, bird-, and abiotically-dispersed species. The study will be conducted in one of the most well-studied tropical forest systems on Earth, Barro Colorado Island, Panama.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在自然界中观察到的植物形态和功能的多样性可以被理解为与其他生物体相互作用的共同进化结果。植物化学代表了一个未被充分认识的多样性维度，这对于介导植物相互作用并最终调节植物适应性至关重要。代谢组学是一个快速发展的领域，在植物王国中描述了超过20万种次级代谢产物。然而，热带物种的数据很少，绝大多数数据来自叶子。研究人员将利用代谢组学和生物信息学的最新进展，长期生态监测数据和实地研究来解释代谢组学数据，为植物防御的进化提供新的全植物视角。所有代谢组学数据都将公开提供，因为脊椎动物传播的成熟、肉质果实往往对微生物和昆虫有毒，但对脊椎动物无毒，使它们成为未被充分重视的潜在药物的新型来源。这些数据的公开存档将有助于潜在的药物发现。学生学者将获得在热带野外生物学和化学生态学的研究方法的经验。结果将用于开发以学生为中心，探究为基础的课程材料，为本科生物课堂。所有教育材料将翻译成西班牙文，并通过Verde Elemental在拉丁美洲传播。为了交流研究成果，研究人员将与犹他州公共广播和影响媒体实验室合作，制作多媒体，包括公共广播播客、短片和互动网站。植物生物学的一个基本问题是：为什么植物会产生如此多的不同化合物？植物化学生态学中的大多数理论和实证研究都集中在叶子的防御上，而果实则通过更复杂的化学途径，同时防御敌人和吸引扩散者。因此，研究人员假设，在植物中观察到的许多次级代谢物多样性都起源于水果。具体来说，该项目测试的假设，水果化学性状的不同选择压力是植物化学多样化和进化的主要驱动力在整个植物水平。比较代谢组学、观察性田间研究和非遗传学控制实验的补充方法将用于检验这一假设。首先，当代模式的植物组织和物种的次生代谢物的多样性将被测量，以检测选择从水果食果动物的相互作用的签名。代谢组学的方法来表征植物化学的50个遗传控制的比较树木和灌木物种，不同的扩散模式将进行。第二，水果和叶子的次生代谢物的多样性模式如何介导的自然变化，在植物与水果和叶子的消费者的相互作用将使用水果的去除和损害的纸浆，种子，和这些相同的物种的观察研究。第三，果实次生代谢产物是否反映了特定的传播模式的适应性将通过实验确定使用的蝙蝠，鸟类和非生物分散的物种的遗传控制的子集。该研究将在地球上研究最充分的热带森林系统之一--巴拿马的巴罗科罗拉多岛进行。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并且通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Fruits, frugivores, and the evolution of phytochemical diversity

水果、食果动物和植物化学多样性的进化

DOI：
10.1111/oik.08332
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Oikos
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Whitehead, Susan R.;Schneider, Gerald F.;Dybzinski, Ray;Nelson, Annika S.;Gelambi, Mariana;Jos, Elsa;Beckman, Noelle G.
通讯作者：
Beckman, Noelle G.

Compartmentalization of specialized metabolites across vegetative and reproductive tissues in two sympatric Psychotria species

两个同域 Psychotria 物种营养和生殖组织中专门代谢物的区室化